2016年托福閱讀(TOEFL)素材：

　　World health experts warned Thursday that smoking water pipes, long popular in the Middle East and North Africa and with a growing fan base elsewhere, can be more harmful than cigarettes.

　　世界衛(wèi)生專家近期警告稱， 在中東和北非盛行的水煙危害程度可能比香煙更大，全球其他地區(qū)也有越來越多的水煙愛好者。

　　"A single puff from a water pipe is nearly equal to the volume of smoke inhaled from an entire cigarette," said The Tobacco Atlas launched at the World Conference on Tobacco OR Health in Abu Dhabi.

　　在阿布扎比的世界煙草或健康大會上推出的世界煙草圖冊顯示;"從水煙管吸入一口的煙量幾乎等于吸入一整只香煙的量?！?

　　And World Health Organization tobacco expert Edouard Tursan d'Espaignet said "one session of shisha (water pipe) can be equal to smoking 20 to 30 cigarettes in one go, which can be very dangerous."

　　世界衛(wèi)生組織煙草專家愛德華·圖爾桑·艾斯帕內(nèi)特說“吸食一次什莎(水煙)的量可能等于一口氣吸食20到30只香煙的量，這是很危險的?！?

　　The water pipe, variously known as a hubbly-bubbly, hookah, shisha or nargileh, has become a major worry for anti-tobacco campaigners as its is popularised across university campuses, overlooked by regulators.

　　水煙的叫法五花八門，如 hubbly-bubbly，hookah，shisha或者nargileh，而因?yàn)槠湓诖髮W(xué)校園頗為流行并被管理者忽視，所以水煙已成為反煙運(yùn)動者主要的擔(dān)憂。

　　In recent years, its use has spread to the United States, Europe and, to a lesser extent,South America.

　　近年來，水煙已流入美國、歐洲和南美的部分地區(qū)。

　　Gemma Vestal of the WHO's Tobacco Free Initiative told AFP that while shishas were previously the domain of older males, "younger people between 18- and 24-years old living in cities and educated" are increasingly smoking them.

　　世界衛(wèi)生組織無煙倡議行動的杰瑪·維斯塔說，雖然先前吸食水煙的群體是老年男性，但是越來越多年齡在18歲到24歲之間、住在城市且受過教育的年輕人都開始吸食水煙。

　　The chairman of pathology and laboratory medicine at the American University of Beirut, Ghazi Zaatari, says aromatic flavourings known as maasal added to the tobacco offer younger smokers a "smoother and more tolerated" alternative to the taste of traditional tobacco.

　　貝魯特美國大學(xué)的病理學(xué)和實(shí)驗(yàn)室醫(yī)學(xué)主席加齊·扎泰里說，水煙中添加的一種叫做maasal的芳香味道給年輕煙民提供了比傳統(tǒng)煙草“更順暢，更易接受”的味道。

　　And the "water pipe has an interesting design because it somewhat engages your five senses. You're holding the hose, there’s something you're looking at, there is the aroma, there is the sound of the bubbling and there is this kind of sensational thing with the social gathering."

　　而且水煙的設(shè)計很有趣，因?yàn)樗鼜哪撤N程度上同時調(diào)動吸煙者的五官感受。你拿著煙管，你看著它，它有香味，它有冒泡的聲音，此外，在社交聚會中吸水煙是一件多么美妙的事。

　　In social gatherings that last for an average of an hour, the smoker can quickly get "hooked on it because of the nicotine."

　　在持續(xù)平均一小時的社交聚會中，水煙吸食者會迅速對它上癮，因?yàn)樗心峁哦　?

　　Moreover, the smoke from charcoal used to heat the tobacco contains toxins.

　　此外，用于加熱煙草木炭釋放的煙霧也含有毒素。

　　The WHO said harmful effects include impact on the "respiratory system, cardiovascular system, oral activity and teeth."

　　世界衛(wèi)生組織稱，它會對人的健康造成危害，包括損壞呼吸系統(tǒng)，心血管系統(tǒng)，口腔活動和牙齒等。

　　In addition to the dangers of lung cancer, data also suggest probable associations with oral, oesophageal, gastric, and urinary bladder cancer, as well as chronic bronchitis, cardiovascular disease, stroke as well as other illnesses.

　　除了肺癌的危險，數(shù)據(jù)還表明吸食水煙的危害可能與口腔癌、食管癌、胃癌和膀胱癌，以及慢性支氣管炎、心血管疾病、中風(fēng)，以及其他疾病相關(guān)聯(lián)。

　　Global tobacco companies are increasingly investing in the water pipe business, experts say, while little has been done to curb their use, despite a crackdown on cigarettes.

　　專家表示，全球的煙草公司正越來越多地投資于水煙行業(yè)，但是除了打擊煙草行業(yè)以外，對于水煙的消費(fèi)沒有任何限制措施。

　　According to The Tobacco Atlas, "water pipes fall into a less heavily or un-regulated group of tobacco products" in most countries.

　　根據(jù)煙草圖冊介紹，水煙在大多數(shù)國家是不受嚴(yán)重監(jiān)管或不監(jiān)管的煙草產(chǎn)品。

　　"There has been a gap for a while and now hopefully, with this global effort, they (tobacco regulators) are coming back to emphasise the importance of including the water pipe in all these policies and regulations on tobacco," Zaatari said.

　　“這個缺口已經(jīng)存在一段時間了，希望通過全球的努力，他們(煙草監(jiān)管者)能夠強(qiáng)調(diào)將水煙納入所有煙草政策和法規(guī)監(jiān)管的重要性，”扎泰里說。

　　Brazil has taken measures to ban flavourings, while Turkey has extended warning labelling from cigarette packets to include the water pipe.

　　巴西已經(jīng)采取措施禁止在水煙中加入香料，同時土耳其已將之前有關(guān)香煙煙盒上必須有警告標(biāo)志的規(guī)定執(zhí)行范圍擴(kuò)展至水煙領(lǐng)域。

　　And the ruler of the UAE emirate of Sharjah has banned the use of water pipes altogether, earning him an award this week from the WHO.

　　阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國的沙迦酋長國國王已下令徹底禁止吸食水煙，世界衛(wèi)生組織因此給他頒了一個獎。

　　Vocabulary

　　pathology：病理學(xué)

　　hose：軟管

　　aroma：香味

　　oesophageal cancer：食道癌

　　urinary bladder cancer：膀胱癌

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