細節(jié)事實題
這是考研閱讀考試中的重點題型，每年大概都有近一半的題目。主要考查的是對于文章具體細節(jié)事實的了解和判斷，以及將文章內(nèi)容和選項本身進行對比分析的能力。因此，這個題型最能體現(xiàn)句子解析能力，同時我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)做這個題的時候，詞匯固然重要，但從結(jié)構(gòu)上把握句子，有的時候能事半功倍，不完全認識詞匯也能把題解決。
(07-01-23) According to Ericsson, good memory
[A] depends on meaningful processing of information。
[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises。
[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors。
[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration。
This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome。
這是完全開放的細節(jié)題，只能以選項進行一個一個的查找。A選項比較沒有特色，我們先看B，里面的兩個詞intuitive、cognitive不是太熟，但可以發(fā)現(xiàn)它們在文中是原詞再現(xiàn)的。對比一下，會發(fā)現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)上就不同。文章是the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one，選項是results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises，文章強調(diào)的是more的后面cognitive，而選項強調(diào)的是rather than的前面intuitive，明顯是不同的。
再看C，文章中是memory itself is not genetically determined，選項是is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors，強調(diào)的是rather than的前面genetic,這與原文相反，排除。
再看D, 文章是it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. 選項是requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration，文中提到了goals, feedback, concentration三個內(nèi)容，而選項中只有后兩者，信息明顯缺失，排除。
再看A，定位到文章后發(fā)現(xiàn)文中是And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. 其中的encode與選項中的process是同義轉(zhuǎn)化，答案為A。
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