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發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2017年03月09日

考研英語(yǔ)作文解析寶典

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在迎接考研英語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)備和復(fù)習(xí)中,什么是廣大考生尚可提升和仰賴的內(nèi)容呢?從考研英語(yǔ)的試卷結(jié)構(gòu)和分?jǐn)?shù)構(gòu)成來分析,我們不難得出一個(gè)結(jié)論:占分比例相對(duì)高,而分?jǐn)?shù)亦容易把握的項(xiàng)目應(yīng)該是考研英語(yǔ)寫作。然而對(duì)于大多考生而言,寫作是一項(xiàng)久經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)但卻難于覓得捷徑的任務(wù)。

經(jīng)過對(duì)考研寫作的命題要求和歷年大綱范文的分析,我們不難看出,考研命題側(cè)重的是對(duì)于考生若干寫作技能的考察和評(píng)估,因而如何按照一定的格式完成考研作文是取得高分的重中之重,而最佳的寫作格式則應(yīng)來自于歷年大綱范文提供的寫作思路和框架。

究竟上佳的寫作格式是什么?我們根據(jù)考研寫作的命題要求先將作文劃分為三個(gè)段落,即描述圖畫(Describe the picture),闡述寓意(Interpret its intended meaning)和發(fā)表評(píng)論(Give your comments);之后我們?cè)賮砀鶕?jù)范文分別設(shè)計(jì)其中的功能性語(yǔ)句。根據(jù)歷年大綱范文,我們不難從其中得出如下寫作框架,然后再以2009年為例逐條進(jìn)行分析解釋:

段落一:描述圖畫(2 Sentences) Sentence 1描述圖畫; Sentence 2闡述寓意;
段落二:闡述寓意(Up to 8 Sentences) Sentence 3,4闡述論點(diǎn)(時(shí)代背景 提出論點(diǎn)); Sentence 5,6分析論證(原因解釋 論點(diǎn)重述); Sentence 7舉例論證(Up to 2 Sentences); Sentence 8,9分析論證(反面論證 反面重述);
段落三:發(fā)表評(píng)論(3 Sentences) Sentence 10發(fā)表評(píng)論; Sentence 11提出建議; Sentence 12表明期待

段落一、描述圖畫:

Sentence 1(描述圖畫):

描述圖畫一段中最為重要的亦是全文最關(guān)鍵的語(yǔ)句就是描述圖畫,我們不妨將描述圖畫這一句的核心內(nèi)容首先從圖中找出,核心內(nèi)容應(yīng)該涵蓋如下內(nèi)容:①描述事物的名詞;②描述事物狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞;③描述事物位置的介詞短語(yǔ);④描述事物的形容詞;⑤描述事物特點(diǎn)的動(dòng)詞;⑥修飾動(dòng)詞內(nèi)容;⑦概括圖畫的名詞。

其中②處可以使用的動(dòng)詞主要以表存在的不及物動(dòng)詞為主,如:stand, stay, sit, run, lie, hang, float, crouch, appear等。其中⑤處可以使用的動(dòng)詞主要以與事物直接相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞為主,如lamp與glow(2001),flower與bloom(2003),goalkeeper與guard(2007)等;但如果事物較為抽象或難于有具體動(dòng)作,如a traditional Chinese costume(2002),the name of Beckham(2006)等,則可使用如show,imply,indicate等表示意味的動(dòng)詞來拓展內(nèi)容。

以2009年為例,我們首先從2009年圖畫中找出如下詞匯:①net; ②lie; ③in the picture; ④complex; ⑤connect computers; ⑥from all directions; ⑦Internet。由此我們重新組合找出的詞匯并調(diào)整其順序,即可設(shè)計(jì)出如下的句式:

In the picture lies a net, a remarkably complex one, connecting computers from all directions.

之后我們?cè)贋榫涫皆O(shè)計(jì)輔助內(nèi)容,用以豐富句子內(nèi)容,其方式亦來自于大綱范文:

As is vividly depicted in the picture, in the picture lies a net, a remarkably complex one, connecting computers from all directions, a sight that brings about insights into the topic of Internet among people, especially those who are confronted with it.

句中標(biāo)注下劃線的內(nèi)容皆為輔助內(nèi)容,均可以類似內(nèi)容替換。如句首可替換為As we can see from the picture, 句尾可替換為a sight that gives thoughts to the topic of Internet among people, especially those who are concerned about it等。

如上設(shè)計(jì)出的句式已然可以滿足考研寫作的苛刻要求,然而我們還可以在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步拓展該句式,拓展方式則是從圖畫中找出另一個(gè)描述事物的名詞,再以相同方式寫作另一部分,進(jìn)而將兩部分內(nèi)容組合起來。由此我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)如下結(jié)構(gòu):in correspondence to/contrast to/accordance with the ① scene that ④ ③ ②, ⑤ ⑥。

其中①處為修飾場(chǎng)景的形容詞,主要以surprising, interesting, touching, confusing, thought-provoking等詞為主;其中②-⑥的選詞與上一部分的方式一致,而寫作句式的結(jié)構(gòu)也一致,從而詞匯范圍有重合,也或多或少省去了些選詞上的困擾。如2009年我們選出的詞分別為②a person; ③sit; ④against every computer in the net; ⑤surf the Internet; ⑥alone。

參考例句:As is vividly depicted in the picture, in the picture lies a net, a remarkably complex one, connecting computers from all directions, in correspondence to the interesting scene that against every computer in the net sits a person, surfing the Internet alone, a sight that brings about insights into the topic of internet among people, especially those who are confronted with it.

Sentence 2(概括寓意):

首段在描述圖畫之外的句子則只需對(duì)于圖畫的寓意(話題)做簡(jiǎn)要概括即可,因而在句式上也并沒有太多要求,而概括圖畫的寓意的內(nèi)容用詞主要如下:phenomenon, problem, trend, fashion, issue, a matter of fact, a matter of concern等。而輔助內(nèi)容則如下:

The picture aims at revealing a ① phenomenon: ②.

The notion conveyed in the picture is that ② is a ① phenomenon.

其中①為對(duì)于概括詞的修飾成分,多為如common, popular, severe, significant等詞;②則為對(duì)于寓意的簡(jiǎn)要概括。

參考例句:The picture aims at revealing a common and far-reaching issue: how Internet may change people‘s lives.

段落二、闡述寓意

闡述寓意是全文的主要內(nèi)容所在,因而寫作難度也較高,如何有一個(gè)好的寫作框架于是就顯得尤為重要。根據(jù)大綱范文,一個(gè)合理的寫作框架如下:

Sentence 3(時(shí)代背景):

本句只是為了托襯出下一句的觀點(diǎn),因而句子結(jié)構(gòu)盡管可以寫得復(fù)雜,但內(nèi)容卻簡(jiǎn)單,只是為了引入下一句的話題。下劃線處的輔助內(nèi)容可以分段進(jìn)行替換,以后則不再贅述。

參考例句:With the increasing pace of modern life, perhaps no change has characterized the past decade more dramatically than that of people’s view on the Internet.

Sentence 4(闡述論點(diǎn)):

寫作論點(diǎn)是整段的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容,而論點(diǎn)的寫作最好是以表示人的詞作為主語(yǔ)造句,如people, parents, youngsters, the new generation等,以便于后面內(nèi)容的寫作,而輔助表達(dá)的句式亦可以參考大綱范文寫作類似內(nèi)容。

參考例句:It is generally agreed upon that nowadays people become more and more dependent on the Internet.

Sentence 5(解釋原因):

解釋原因即是解釋觀點(diǎn)所陳述內(nèi)容的原因,原因無需過于復(fù)雜,只要簡(jiǎn)明合理即可,而解釋原因的輔助表達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)方式參考同上。

參考例句:Recent surveys lay down the fact that the Internet has brought people a variety of new life experiences.

Sentence 6(重述論點(diǎn)):

本句話是整段的又一關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容,因?yàn)樵趦?nèi)容上不必創(chuàng)新,只需對(duì)前兩句話的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行改寫,即是稍作修改或是采用類似內(nèi)容。因而需要在句式上有所改變,我們使用比較句和定語(yǔ)從句來設(shè)計(jì)這一句式,而比較句的后一部分可根據(jù)需要拓展。

參考例句:With more and more people stepping into the complex reality, the people who spend time on the Internet enjoy a more diverse life than those who do not.

Sentence 7(舉例論證):

舉例論證分別出現(xiàn)在2001、2004、2007年考研寫作的命題要求中,因而盡管如何舉例并非每年均是考點(diǎn),但仍是考研寫作中考生需要掌握的一個(gè)要點(diǎn)。舉例的寫作方式根據(jù)內(nèi)容和格式的不同主要有以下三種:

方法一:

Take ①, ② for example. He / She ③, and / but he ④.

方法二:

①, ②, who ③, ④, which best exemplifies the view.

方法三:

The past decade has witnessed many cases that the people who ③ ④.

其中方法一和二需要寫出具體例子中的人名和其身份,即是填空中的①和②處;而方法三則是泛指舉例,并不需要具體人物,因此只要按照Sentence 6的內(nèi)容稍作調(diào)整后寫作③和④即可。

參考例句:The past decade has witnessed many cases that the people who often use the Internet make more friends and participate in more activities.

Sentence 8(反面論述):

根據(jù)大綱范文來看,最佳的寫作方法之一就是正反闡述同一論點(diǎn),從而既能豐富寫作內(nèi)容,又不至于使得寫作構(gòu)思過于復(fù)雜無緒。而反面論述的內(nèi)容需要將之前的論點(diǎn)和原因中的內(nèi)容以相反的方式陳述,這樣就使得考生可以將句式設(shè)計(jì)得更為高級(jí)化。

陳述反面內(nèi)容:Once ①, people ②,其中①和②處的內(nèi)容分別與Sentence4與Sentence 5中的內(nèi)容相反,寫作時(shí)根據(jù)前句內(nèi)容進(jìn)行改寫既可。

設(shè)計(jì)輔助內(nèi)容:which makes it difficult for them to ③,其中③處的內(nèi)容為對(duì)Sentence 5中內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步闡述或是說明。

參考例句:Once leaving the Internet, people are faced with a simple but boring life, which makes it difficult for them to adapt themselves to the ever-changing society.

Sentence 9(反面重述):

第二段的最后一句只需對(duì)上一句的內(nèi)容重述即可,因而只需輔助句式稍作設(shè)計(jì)即可,而輔助句式主要是為了令寫作句式適當(dāng)添彩而已。

參考例句:It is common in our daily life that people get lost in the virtual world.

段落三、發(fā)表評(píng)論

本段從寫作內(nèi)容來看并沒有太多要求,難度因而也并不高,從歷年大綱范文來看,寫作內(nèi)容相對(duì)較為單調(diào),所用句式也多較為單一,因而仿照范文寫作既可輕松達(dá)標(biāo):

Sentence 10(發(fā)表評(píng)論):

參考例句:It is obvious that the Internet has given rise to a series of significant effects on people and the society.

Sentence 11(提出建議):

參考例句:We should bear in mind that it is necessary for us to promote the use of Internet for a better life and prohibit the abuse of Internet.

Sentence 12(表明期待):

參考例句:Only in this way can we make our lives full and only in this way can the society become more harmonious to live in.

由于字?jǐn)?shù)所限,以上內(nèi)容僅是對(duì)于考研大作文寫作框架的簡(jiǎn)要分析與講解,希望能夠?qū)V大考生應(yīng)考起到幫助。文字之外,筆者更重在說明考研寫作,尤其是大作文并非如想象的如此難于攻克,而是考生在應(yīng)考上缺少一個(gè)合理而有效的策略。


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