2016年5月托福閱讀精講復(fù)習(xí)(三)

　　　分詞

　　分詞是TOEEL必考內(nèi)容，在歷屆試題中均占相當(dāng)大的比例。分詞的命題形式非常廣泛。平均分布在written Expressions 和structure兩部分。有時(shí)，即使分詞不是題目焦點(diǎn)，但對分詞的正確分析則可以幫助考生選擇正確的答案。分詞的命題要點(diǎn)集中在(1)分詞的形容詞特性、(2)分詞短語作后置定語、(3) 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的主動與被動含義。

　　分詞?？碱}型及解題要點(diǎn)：

　　1. 分詞具有形容詞特征，可單獨(dú)作定語或表語。

　　全真例題分析

　　(1) The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just Joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the 1930*s (93.1)

　　[答案] B 動詞respect用來修飾后面的名詞zoologist，故應(yīng)改用分詞respected形式，其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞作定語。

　　(2) A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time. (90.1)

　　[答] C 修飾保詞period應(yīng)用動詞的分詞形式，即fixed。

　　(3) Characteristics of Op Art are the carefully arrange hues and geometric patterns that create optical illusions. (88.5)

　　[答案] A 修飾名詞hues，應(yīng)用分詞形式arranged。

　　(4) The question of the origin of the Moon is interest not only in itself but also as a part of the larger genesis of the earth and the solar system . (88.5)

　　[答案] B interest應(yīng)用其分詞interesting形式作表語，作用相當(dāng)于一個形空詞。

　　2. 分詞短語作定語，放置于中心名詞后面

　　解題要點(diǎn) 分詞短語作后置定語在TOEEL考題中出現(xiàn)頻率非常高。因而，考生務(wù)必熟記這一結(jié)構(gòu)和用法。實(shí)際上，分詞短語作后置定語。皆是定語從句的省略形式。

　　全真例題分析

　　(1) The leaves and stems of the aifaifa plant are the only parts of the plant -------

　　(A) the uses for livestock feed

　　(B) for using livestock feed

　　(C) used for livestock feed

　　(D) they are used for livestock feed (93.1)

　　[答案] C過去分詞used 介語短語組成的分詞短語修飾前面的名詞成分the only parts of the plant，作后置定語。此結(jié)構(gòu)亦擴(kuò)展為定語從句(that are ) used for livestock feed

　　(2) The slide rule used sliding scales with marks ------- numbers and their logarithms.

　　(A) representing

　　(B) represented

　　(C) are represented

　　(D) they are representing (92.10)

　　[答案] A 分詞短語作名詞marks的后置定語，作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句：which represent numbers and their logarithms。

　　(3) Earlg philosophers believe that the mind was divided into three faculties ------- s feeling ,intellect and will

　　(A) to know

　　(B) known

　　(C) knowing

　　(D) knew them (94.1)

　　[答案] B分詞短語known as…說明前面的名詞three faculties。此結(jié)構(gòu)可改寫成定語從句。Which are known as…

　　(4) The bison know for the hump over its shoulders is usually called a buffalo in North America. (91.1)

　　[答案] A 此句主語是The bison ,謂語是系詞is ,劃線A部分應(yīng)當(dāng)為分詞短語，修飾名詞The bison .A應(yīng)改為known for。

　　(5) Louisa May Alcott is chiefly remembered for Little Women. One of the most popular girls books ever wrote (88.5)

　　[答案] D 修飾名詞books應(yīng)用分詞生語ever written。

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