新概念英語自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀：第二冊 Lesson14

課文詳注 Further notes on the text

1．After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town.
在離開法國南部的一個小村莊后，我繼續(xù)駛往下一個城鎮(zhèn)。

（1）表示一個大范圍中的某一個地方時要用介詞in：
Beijing is in the north of China.
北京位于中國的北部。

（2）副詞on緊跟在動詞后面時可以表示“向前”、“繼續(xù)下去”等意義：
He talked on until everybody had gone.
他滔滔不絕地講到大家都走了。

I was reading when my friend called. After he had gone, I went on to read.
我朋友來看我時我正在看書。他走了以后我便繼續(xù)看書。

2．I stopped and he asked me for a lift.
我把車停下，他向我提出要求搭車。

名詞lift的含義之一是“（給步行者）搭便車”、“免費搭車”：
Last night, I had to walk home. No one would give me a lift.
昨晚我不得不走回家。誰也不愿意讓我搭車。

I was lucky today. I got a lift soon after I had left the village.
我今天運氣好，離開村子不久就搭上了便車。

3．As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language.
他一上車，我就用法語向他問早上好，他也同樣用法語回答我。

（1）表示時間的固定短語as soon as通常表示“一……就……”，即兩個動詞之間相隔時間非常短：
Tell him the news as soon as you meet him.
你一遇見他就把這消息告訴他。

（2）表示用某種語言作為交際手段時介詞用in，表示講某種語言時可以不加介：
speak English/ French
講英語／法語

That book is written in German.
那本書是用德語寫的。

He replied the question in English.
他用英語回答了這個問題。

語法 Grammar in use

過去完成時(The simple past perfect tense)

過去完成時由 had 過去分詞構(gòu)成，它表示過去某時或某動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或情況，即“較早的過去”。在用過去完成時態(tài)的句子中，常用的連詞when, after, as soon as, until, by that time等：

When I woke up in the morning, she had already had her breakfast.
當(dāng)我早上醒來時，她已經(jīng)吃過早飯了。

After he had said goodbye to us all, Captain Alison started his journey.
當(dāng)艾利森船長和我們大家都道了別之后，他就啟程了。

Did you really ring the police?
你真的給警方打電話了？

It was a mistake. I realized it as soon as I had rung them.
我犯了個錯誤。剛給他們打完電話我就意識到了。

I didn't know that she was a famous actress until you had told me.
直到你告訴我時我才知道她是位名演員。

常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的副詞如already, just, never, never…before也常與過去完成時連用，以強調(diào)事件發(fā)生的先后次序：
The boys loved the zoo. They had never seen wild animals before.
男孩們喜歡動物園，以前他們從沒見過野獸。

在有些用過去完成時的句子中沒有明確的時間狀語，但通過上下文可以看出動作發(fā)生的先后：
The bus finally came. I had waited for 40 minutes.
公交車終于來了。我已經(jīng)等了40分鐘。

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