2017高考英語備考：閱讀長難句的處理

　　一、處理長難句的原則方法

　　如果待處理的長難句為一個復雜的單句，可這樣處理：跳讀修飾成分，迅速找出主謂結構。這樣一來，我們便可以將長句化為短句，將難句化為易句。具體步驟是：先跳讀修飾成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意義;然后再分段理解修飾成分或附加成分。

　　如果待處理的長難句為一個復雜的并列句，可這樣處理：先找出其中的并列連詞，然后再根據并列連詞的意思理清句子前后是順連關系還是反連關系，是因果關系還是轉折關系等，最后再根據不同的語境關系正確理解句意。

　　如果待處理的長難句為一個復雜的主從復合句，可這樣處理：先分清主句與從句，然后弄清從句的性質，即弄清它是什么從句。

　　如果待處理的長難句為一個復雜的主從復合句，可這樣處理：先分清主句與從句，然后弄清名詞性從句，還是狀語從句，或是定語從句。注意，弄清從句性質對于理解復合句的意思至關重要。

　　另外，有一點要提醒同學們，在處理長難句時，如果既能正確理解句意，又能將其準確地譯成中文，那是最好了。但是，對于有些長難句，要在較短時間內(如在參加考試時)將其譯成中文比較困難，此時只要能正確理解其意思就行了，如果硬要勉為其難地譯成中文，不僅會浪費時間，而且在許多情況也沒有必要。

　　二、經典高考真題實例分析

　　下面這篇文章共有194個單詞，卻只有9個句子，平均每個句子大約有22個單詞，是近幾年高考英語閱讀理解中一篇比較典型的集中含有長難句的文章。

　　A 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海軍上將) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.Coming in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利領土). They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day.

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