SAT閱讀解析必讀演講

安東尼《論女性選舉權(quán)》評(píng)析

蘇珊·寶萊·安東尼(Susan B. Anthony 1820-1906)，美國(guó)女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)先驅(qū)。與伊麗莎白·卡迪·斯坦頓(Elizabeth Cady Stanton)同為婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)袖。她生于馬薩諸塞，曾任教師，早年組織過(guò)禁酒團(tuán)體。1854 年后積極從事反對(duì)奴隸制運(yùn)動(dòng)和女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)，是美國(guó)廢奴協(xié)會(huì)代言人(1856—1861)。內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后全力為婦女參政而斗爭(zhēng)。1869年5月和斯坦頓一起組建全美婦女選舉權(quán)協(xié)會(huì)。1890 年該會(huì)與全美女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)聯(lián)合會(huì)合并，后任會(huì)長(zhǎng)(1892—1900)。1888 年組織國(guó)際婦女理事會(huì)。1904 年在柏林創(chuàng)建國(guó)際女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)聯(lián)盟。與斯坦頓和 M.J.蓋奇合著《婦女參政史》(4卷本)。

安東尼是一位出色的演說(shuō)家，曾被美國(guó)《展示》雜志評(píng)為近百年世界八大演說(shuō)家之一。1872 年，女性尚無(wú)法享有投票權(quán)，為要求婦女也取得憲法第 14 條、15 條修正案賦予黑人男子同樣的公民權(quán)和政治權(quán)利，安東尼帶領(lǐng)一批婦女到投票站強(qiáng)行參加總統(tǒng)選舉投票，遭到逮捕和審訊，并被判罰一百美元，引起軒然大波。

此文即為她在法庭上為自己所作的辯護(hù)，是一篇出色的辯護(hù)演說(shuō)。演講開(kāi)頭，作者先開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，聲明自己無(wú)罪，并且只是在行使自己的公民權(quán)利。接下來(lái)第二三段便引用憲法，第四段繼而對(duì)憲法進(jìn)行闡釋?zhuān)暶髋怨褚彩墙M成這個(gè)聯(lián)邦的人民的一員。第五段筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，反向論述把性別作為參加選舉的資格這種行為可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致的后果。第六段引用**，結(jié)尾段提出問(wèn)題，如果婦女是人，那么也就是公民既然是公民，就應(yīng)享有權(quán)利。末句使用類(lèi)比，指出法律中存在的歧視女性的條款和歧視黑人的法律是一樣無(wú)效的。

本演講思路清晰，擲地有聲，作者援引憲法，肯定婦女作為公民應(yīng)有選舉權(quán);又援引關(guān)于公民的權(quán)利定義，指出婦女無(wú)疑是公民。作者以無(wú)可辯駁的論證痛斥了所謂婦女參加總統(tǒng)選舉違法的指控，充分顯示了一位女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)先驅(qū)的才華和機(jī)智。演講**后，安東尼將婦女投票權(quán)與黑人解放相比較，為女性解放事業(yè)找到了合適的類(lèi)比，增加了主張的可接受度。由于安東尼以及其他女性斗志的持續(xù)爭(zhēng)取，美國(guó)終于在1920年8月**了第19憲法修正案，賦予女性投票權(quán)。

演講原文：

On Women’s Right to Vote

In the 1800s, women in the United States had few legal rights and did not have the right to vote. This speech was given by Susan B. Anthony after her arrest for casting an illegal vote in the presidential election of 1872. She was tried and then fined $100 but refused to pay.

Friends and fellow citizens:

I stand before you tonight under indictment for the alleged crime of having voted at the last presidentialelection, without having a lawful right to vote. It shall be my work this evening to prove to you that in thus voting, I not only committed no crime, but, instead, simply exercised my citizen's rights, guaranteed to me and all United States citizens by the National Constitution, beyond the power of any state to deny.

The preamble of the Federal Constitution says:

"We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."

It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union. And we formed it, not to give the blessings of liberty, but to secure them; not to the half of ourselves and the half of our posterity, but to the whole people - women as well as men. And it is a downright mockery to talk to women of their enjoyment of the blessings of liberty while they are denied the use of the only means of securing them provided by this democratic-republican government - the ballot.

For any state to make sex a qualification that must ever result in the disfranchisement of one entire half of the people, is to pass a bill of attainder, or, an ex post facto law, and is therefore a violation of the supreme law of the land. By it the blessings of liberty are forever withheld from women and their female posterity.

To them this government has no just powers derived from the consent of the governed. To them this government is not a democracy. It is not a republic. It is an odious aristocracy; a hateful oligarchy of sex; the most hateful aristocracy ever established on the face of the globe; an oligarchy of wealth, where the rich govern the poor. An oligarchy of learning, where the educated govern the ignorant, or even an oligarchy of race, where the Saxon rules the African, might be endured; but this oligarchy of sex, which makes father, brothers, husband, sons, the oligarchs over the mother and sisters, the wife and daughters, of every household - which ordains all men sovereigns, all women subjects, carries dissension, discord, and rebellion into every home of the nation.

Webster, Worcester, and Bouvier all define a citizen to be a person in the United States, entitled to vote and hold office.

The only question left to be settled now is: Are women persons? And I hardly believe any of our opponents will have the hardihood to say they are not. Being persons, then, women are citizens; and no state has a right to make any law, or to enforce any old law, that shall abridge their privileges or immunities. Hence, every discrimination against women in the constitutions and laws of the several states is today null and void, precisely as is every one against Negroes.

Susan B. Anthony – 1873

譯文：

論婦女選舉權(quán)

1873 年

朋友們，公民們：

今晚我站在你們面前，被控在**近的總統(tǒng)選舉中因沒(méi)有法定權(quán)利而參加投票，犯有所謂選舉罪。今晚我要向你們證明，我參加這次選舉不但沒(méi)有犯罪，相反，我只是行使了我的公民權(quán)。國(guó)家憲法確保我和全體合眾國(guó)公民擁有公民權(quán)，任何一個(gè)州都無(wú)權(quán)剝奪。

聯(lián)邦憲法的序言寫(xiě)道：

“我們合眾國(guó)人民，為建設(shè)更完善的聯(lián)邦，樹(shù)立正義，保障國(guó)內(nèi)安定，籌設(shè)共同防務(wù)，增進(jìn)公共福利，確保我們自己及子孫后代永享自由幸福，特為美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)制訂本憲法?！?

組成這個(gè)聯(lián)邦的，是我們?nèi)嗣瘢皇悄行园兹斯?，也不是男性公民，而是我們?nèi)w人民。我們組成這個(gè)聯(lián)邦，不僅是為了賜予自由幸福，而且是為了確保自由幸福;不只是為了確保我們自己的一半人及子孫后代中的一半人的自由幸福，而且是為了確保全體人民——包括女人和男人在內(nèi)的自由幸福。參加投票是這個(gè)民主共和政體所提供的確保公民自由幸福的**手段因此，一面侈談婦女享有自由幸福。一面又剝奪了她們的投票權(quán)，這是一個(gè)莫大的諷刺。

任何州政府，如果把性別作為參加選舉的資格，必然導(dǎo)致人民中的整整一半被剝奪公民權(quán)。這等于**一項(xiàng)剝奪公民權(quán)的法令或一項(xiàng)具有追溯效力的法令。因此，這樣做違背了我國(guó)的**高法律，使得婦女及其后代中的所有女性被永遠(yuǎn)剝奪了自由幸福。對(duì)于女性來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)政府也就不具有來(lái)自被統(tǒng)治者贊同的正當(dāng)權(quán)力。對(duì)于她們來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)政府不是民主政體，也不是共和政體，而是可憎的專(zhuān)制，是可惡的性別獨(dú)裁，是地球上迄今為止**可恨的專(zhuān)制。因?yàn)椋绣X(qián)人統(tǒng)治窮人的富人獨(dú)裁，受教育者統(tǒng)治無(wú)知者的知識(shí)獨(dú)裁，甚至撒克遜人統(tǒng)治非洲人的種族獨(dú)裁，人們或許尚能忍受。但是這種性別獨(dú)裁，卻使得每家每戶(hù)父親、兄弟、丈夫、兒子成為母親、姐妹、妻子、女兒的統(tǒng)治者，使一切男子至高無(wú)上，一切女人淪為奴婢。因而給全國(guó)的每家每戶(hù)帶來(lái)不和、紛爭(zhēng)和反叛。

韋伯斯特、伍斯特和布維爾都認(rèn)為，所謂合眾國(guó)公民，就是有權(quán)投票和有權(quán)供職的美國(guó)人?，F(xiàn)在**要解決的問(wèn)題是：婦女是不是人?我相信，任何反對(duì)我們的人都不敢斗膽說(shuō)婦女不是人。婦女既然是人，那么也就是公民。無(wú)論哪一個(gè)州都無(wú)權(quán)制定某種法律，或重操某種舊法律，來(lái)剝奪婦女的特權(quán)和豁免權(quán)。因此，一些州的憲法和法律中所有歧視婦女的條款，如同所有歧視黑人的條款一樣，都是無(wú)效的，無(wú)用的。

內(nèi)容較多，以上僅為部分內(nèi)容

>>>查看SAT資源包完整版請(qǐng)聯(lián)系助教

QQ：1444217812

環(huán)球雅思（深圳）

環(huán)球教育以卓越的教學(xué)成效和良好的服務(wù)口碑在業(yè)界享有盛名，我們堅(jiān)持以學(xué)生為中心，一手抓教學(xué)服務(wù)，一手抓師資力量。教學(xué)中應(yīng)用科學(xué)的入學(xué)評(píng)測(cè)體系，實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)員的個(gè)性化學(xué)習(xí)；采用獨(dú)特的"環(huán)球?qū)嵱脩?yīng)試教學(xué)模式"，關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)程，因材施教；獨(dú)創(chuàng)"核心課 吸收課"的教學(xué)理念，幫助學(xué)生快速提升學(xué)習(xí)效能，達(dá)到出國(guó)留學(xué)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。同時(shí)，環(huán)球教育引進(jìn)和培養(yǎng)了一批頂尖教學(xué)人才，科學(xué)的教師培訓(xùn)和管理體系，打造出一支實(shí)力雄厚、結(jié)構(gòu)合理的師資團(tuán)隊(duì), 為優(yōu)質(zhì)教學(xué)提供堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的保障。

歡迎致電：13632791739（蘇老師）
熱線(xiàn)電話(huà)：18988787201
（詳情請(qǐng)掃二維碼）

蘇老師