新概念二冊(cè)課程

I have lost my pen.

I have hurt myself.

He has become a teacher.

She has broken my heart.

句型變化：

★變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.

e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, I have. No, I have not.

★特殊疑問(wèn)句：

What have you done?

What has he done?

一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：

凡是有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子為過(guò)去時(shí)

注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用

錯(cuò)：I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.

對(duì)：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.

新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞的變化

1)代詞及be動(dòng)詞

主格 I we you you she/he/it they

賓格 me us you you her/him/it them

代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their

名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs

be動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí) Am are are are is are

be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí) was were were were was were

2)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1 一般情況 s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys

規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾 es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches

規(guī)則3 以o結(jié)尾 s或 es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes

規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g. life→lives half→halves

規(guī)則5 以輔音字母 y結(jié)尾， 變y為i es e.g. sky→skies study→studies

3)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1 一般情況 s e.g. like-likes, look-looks

規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh和o結(jié)尾 es e.g. do-does, catch-catches

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母 y結(jié)尾， 變y為i es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies

4)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞

規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing

規(guī)則2 以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving

規(guī)則3 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping

5)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化

規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played

規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived