湖南雅思考試網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程

　Learning to play a musical instrument helps keep people young, according to a new study. Researchers found that musicians aged 45 to 65 excel in memory and hearing speech in noise compared to non-musicians. While a growing body of research finds musical training gives students learning advantages in the classroom, a new study has found musical training can also offset some of the negative effects of growing old.

?
　　 如今培養(yǎng)一個(gè)孩子需要花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間和金錢，在崇尚“十八般武藝”的時(shí)代，孩子們會(huì)一兩樣樂器不再是一個(gè)稀罕事。我們看過學(xué)習(xí)樂器可以使得人的智商提高的報(bào)道，但是樂器的魅力卻不僅限于讓你變得更聰明而已。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的發(fā)現(xiàn)，會(huì)樂器能使得人變得更年輕，倘若是音樂家的話，那效果更加明顯。據(jù)悉，科學(xué)家針對(duì)年齡段從45到65歲的“音樂家”展開調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的聽力以及記憶力水平在同齡人之上。


　　 Study co-author Nina Kraus, director of the Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory at Northwestern University in the United States, said: “Lifelong musical training appears to confer advantages in at least two important functions known to decline with age - memory and the ability to hear speech in noise. The musicians who began playing an instrument at age nine or earlier and consistently played an instrument throughout their lives bested the non-musician group in all but visual working memory, where both groups showed nearly identical ability. Doctor Kraus said the experience of extracting meaningful sounds from a complex soundscape - and of remembering sound sequences enhances the development of auditory skills. She said: “The neural enhancements we see in musically-trained individuals are not just an amplifying or ‘volume knob’ effect.“Playing music engages their ability to extract relevant patterns, including the sound of their own instrument, harmonies and rhythms.”


　　 來自美國西北大學(xué)聽覺神經(jīng)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的專家Nina Kraus說：“在人生中長期接觸樂器可以使得我們變得更年輕，主要有原因有如下兩點(diǎn)，第一是增強(qiáng)我們的記憶力，還有一個(gè)就是增強(qiáng)我們?cè)卩须s環(huán)境中的聽力水平?！睋?jù)悉，科學(xué)家在針對(duì)音樂家與非音樂家的實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)，從9歲甚至更早開始學(xué)習(xí)樂器的人（并且將這項(xiàng)技能堅(jiān)持一生的人）與完全不碰樂器的人相比在“視覺工作記憶力”上的水平相當(dāng)。視覺工作記憶（visual Working memory）指對(duì)非言語視覺信息的短時(shí)存儲(chǔ)，是視覺信息接受進(jìn)一步處理前的暫時(shí)存儲(chǔ)。但是從事音樂的實(shí)驗(yàn)者在“聽力工作記憶力”卻有令人羨慕的水平。


　　 Dr Kraus said music training “fine-tunes” the nervous system. She added: “Sound is the stock in trade of the musician in much the same way that a painter of portraits is keenly attuned to the visual attributes of the paint that will convey his or her subject.“If the materials that you work with are sound, then it is reasonable to suppose that all of your faculties involved with taking it in, holding it in memory and relating physically to it should be sharpened.