大連新航道

閱讀選擇題如何應(yīng)對(duì)干擾

一、 重要干擾項(xiàng)

重要干擾項(xiàng)就是指，這種選項(xiàng)雖然不是正確答案，卻與原文不沖突(或者很難判斷是否與原文沖突)，它們與正確答案看起來比較相似，只不過不如正確答案更準(zhǔn)確、更完整或更嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。我們和小編一起來看下面的例子：

In Tarkovsky’s opinion, the attraction of the cinema is that it

A aims to impress its audience.

B tells stories better than books.

C illustrates the passing of time.

D describes familiar events.

我們可以定位到原文的C段和D段，C段提到：The frightened audience could not accept that they were watching a mere picture. Pictures were still, only reality moved; this must, therefore, be reality. In their confusion, they feared that a real train was about to crush them. 這一段文字表達(dá)了觀眾當(dāng)時(shí)的反應(yīng)，觀眾們很難接受自己看到的是圖畫而不是事實(shí)。D段提到：The key to that magic was the way in which cinema created a dynamic image of the real flow of events. A still picture could only imply the existence of time, while time in a novel passed at the whim of the reader. But in cinema, the real, objective flow of time was captured. 這段文字描述了電影創(chuàng)造了事件隨時(shí)間的發(fā)展演變，并且用picture和novel進(jìn)行類比，強(qiáng)調(diào)電影的魔力是讓人清楚地看到事情流暢地隨時(shí)間演變。

根據(jù)這兩段文字所表達(dá)的意思，很多學(xué)生會(huì)選擇A或B選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樵奶峒傲擞^眾、小說(書)的內(nèi)容。A和B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)與原文所講的內(nèi)容并不是矛盾或完全不符合的。因此，這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)就干擾了我們正確的選擇。當(dāng)我們把這兩段文字仔細(xì)推敲之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)描述觀眾的反應(yīng)和對(duì)比書和電影的區(qū)別，都是為了表達(dá)電影的魔力在于表達(dá)事件隨時(shí)間的發(fā)展這一主題含義。C項(xiàng)的含義比AB要更準(zhǔn)確，因此答案選擇C項(xiàng)。

二、 錯(cuò)誤干擾項(xiàng)

相比之下，多選題目的錯(cuò)誤干擾項(xiàng)就較容易識(shí)別出來了。我們可以看到，有些題目中，某個(gè)選項(xiàng)與原文是直接矛盾的，那么肯定不會(huì)選擇它為正確的答案。比如：

A recent survey found that in British secondary schools,

A there was more bullying than had previously been the case.

B there was less bullying than in primary schools.

C cases of persistent bullying were very common.

D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.

我們看到原文，其中有一句話是：There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying. 通過這句話，我們可以明顯地判斷出，C項(xiàng)的含義與原文是矛盾的。very common和one in twenty-five的比例是明顯不符的。因此，C選項(xiàng)就是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的干擾項(xiàng)，我們可以確定地排除答案是C項(xiàng)的可能性。