發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2016年03月30日
難易混詞匯的辨析,是在考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中考生要面臨的一個(gè)非常棘手的問(wèn)題。在此整理了高頻考察詞匯的辨析,希望能夠幫助大家。
1、abide, adhere, conform, comply “遵守”
abide v. 后接by表示"遵守,同意"。
E.g. I will abide by the director' decision.
我將遵從主任的決定。
adhere v. 后接to表示"遵守"。(當(dāng)然adhere一詞的其它意思如"堅(jiān)持;粘附"也經(jīng)常被考到。)
E.g. Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.
汽車司機(jī)必須遵守駕駛規(guī)則。
conform v. 后接to表示"遵守,符合"。
E.g. All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.
每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該遵守政府制訂的法律。
comply v. 后接with表示"遵守,服從",用于正式的場(chǎng)合。
E.g. Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.
我們公司遵守政府有關(guān)納稅的規(guī)定。
2、abnormal, uncommon, disordered "反常的"
abnormal a.不正常的,反常的(但并非罕見(jiàn)),指行為或現(xiàn)象(如氣候)的異常。
E.g. His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.
他的體溫三天來(lái)一直都不正常,最高的時(shí)候達(dá)到40.5攝氏度。(盡管身體發(fā)燒不正常,但生活中也時(shí)有發(fā)生。)
uncommon a.罕見(jiàn)的,不平常的,指很少經(jīng)歷或很少見(jiàn)到的狀況;特別的,出色的。
E.g. Hurricanes are uncommon in England.
颶風(fēng)在英國(guó)非常罕見(jiàn)。
E.g. That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great!
那速溶咖啡質(zhì)量上乘,味道好極了!
disordered a.混亂的,雜亂的;(精神或身體)有病的。
E.g. We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.
我們聽(tīng)不明白她條理不清的陳述。
3、abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish "取消,除掉"
abolish v. 指對(duì)法律、習(xí)俗、制度的廢除;完全破壞。
E.g. The government abolished the tax on alcohol.
政府取消了酒稅。
cancel v.對(duì)預(yù)先安排的某種活動(dòng)(如旅行、計(jì)劃、會(huì)議等)的取消;刪去(字、句)。
E.g. The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.
會(huì)議由于流感而取消了。
eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已經(jīng)存在但是現(xiàn)在不需要的東西。
E.g. The losing team was eliminated from further competition.
失利的那個(gè)隊(duì)被淘汰了,不能參加下一階段的比賽。
E.g. The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.
醫(yī)生幫助他排出腸中毒素。
dispose v. 處理,處置;表示"除掉、扔掉"時(shí)常與of連用。(這一點(diǎn)需要注意。)
E.g. After your picnic, please dispose of the litter. 野餐后請(qǐng)清除掉垃圾。
erase v. 除去,擦掉,指有意識(shí)地除去字跡、聲音等。
E.g. I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.
我在往磁帶上錄音之前先消掉了上面的音樂(lè)。
exclude v. 排斥;排除,不包括在內(nèi),與include互為反義詞。
E.g. The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.
衣冠不整者不得進(jìn)入該餐館。
extinguish v. 熄滅,撲滅(火);使沉默,使暗淡。
E.g. Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防隊(duì)員撲滅了大火。
4、abstract, digest, outline, summary "要點(diǎn),摘要"
abstract n. 概要,摘要,尤其指對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)論文或法律論據(jù)作的簡(jiǎn)述。
E.g. I have read the abstract of his book.
我已經(jīng)讀了他書(shū)的概要。
digest n. (篇幅較長(zhǎng)的)摘要,文摘,它是對(duì)原文的濃縮而不是對(duì)原文的簡(jiǎn)單解釋,濃縮后仍保持原文的順序、重點(diǎn)和風(fēng)格。
Reader's Digest《讀者文摘》
outline n. 要點(diǎn),大綱,概要。
E.g. She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.
她把自己要談的想法列了一個(gè)提綱。
summary n.總結(jié),摘要,指用寥寥數(shù)語(yǔ)概括文章或者講話的要點(diǎn),不考慮原文的風(fēng)格。
E.g. Viewers saw him anchoring a five-minute summary of regional news.
觀眾看見(jiàn)他主持一個(gè)5分鐘的地方新聞?wù)?jié)目。
5、absurd, ridiculous, silly "愚蠢,可笑"
absurd a. 荒謬的,可笑的,指因不符合常識(shí)、違反真理或不合邏輯而令人發(fā)笑。
E.g. There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.過(guò)去曾經(jīng)有一種荒謬的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為地球呈扁平狀而且靜止不動(dòng)。
ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的,指因?yàn)橛廾翢o(wú)知而令人發(fā)笑并成為笑柄,含有蔑視成分。
E.g. It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.僅僅根據(jù)一個(gè)國(guó)家的飲食來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)該國(guó)家的文化是荒唐可笑的。
silly a. 愚蠢的,傻的,指由于單純或者頭腦簡(jiǎn)單而顯得愚蠢。
E.g. a silly little boy傻小子
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