2016年6月英語四級考試語法指導（2）

2016年6月大學英語四級考試語法指導（2）

名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣

第一節(jié)：賓語從句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虛擬語氣

一、在動詞wish后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣

在動詞wish后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，常省去賓語從句的引導詞that。

一)、對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬(與現(xiàn)在的事實相反)：

從句用過去式或過去進行式(時間上是同時的)。其句子結構為：賓語從句的謂語be和were(was)，實義動詞用過去式。例：

1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 動詞過去式knew)我希望知道這個答案。(事實上是不知道)

2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家鄉(xiāng)四季如春。(事實上不可能)

3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鳥。(事實上不可能)

4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,過去虛擬動詞were)(事實上并不在家)

5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,過去虛擬動詞understood)

現(xiàn)在他在中國，他希望能懂得中文。(事實上并不懂)

6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,過去虛擬動詞were)(事實上并不和我們在一起)

二)、對過去情況的虛擬(和過去的事實相反)：

用wish表示對過去事情的遺憾。其句子結構為：賓語從句的謂語用過去完成時，或would, could, might 現(xiàn)在完成時。例：

1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.

我后悔不該浪費這么多時間。(事實上已浪費了)

2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.

他真希望沒有失去機會。(其實已失去)

3. We wished he had spoken to us.

(wished，had spoken)(事實上他并沒同我們講)

4. I wish you had called earlier.

(wish, had called)(事實上已遲了)

5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.

(will wish,had listened)(事實上并不如此)

例題分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

A. could have slept 　　B. slept　　C. might have slept 　　D. have slept

動詞wish后面接從句，表達不可能實現(xiàn)或與事實相反的情況時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，即用過去式(表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作)或過去完成式(表示過去發(fā)生的動作)。本題后半句謂語動詞have用的是過去時had

to get up and come, 所以前面要用過去完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作。所以, 選項A)could have slept是答案

三)、對將來情況的虛擬(表示將來的主觀愿望)：

從句動詞"would/should/could/might 動詞原形"(時間上較后)(請注意：主句和從句的主語不相同)。用wish表示對將來事情的愿望。例：

1. I wish it would stop raining.(虛擬動詞would 動詞原形stop)

我希望雨能停止。(事實上雨還在下著呢)

2. I wish you would be quiet.(would be)

我希望你安靜一些。(事實上那家伙還在吵著呢)

3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would arrive)

你希望她第二天會到。(事實上她還沒到)

4. I wish she would change her mind.(would change)

我希望她會改變主意。(呵呵，女孩子可沒那么容易就改變主意喔)

5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would join)

(只是希望我們和他在一起，實際上還沒在一起)

四)、注意：

1.如果將wish改為過去式wished, 其后that 從句中的動詞形式不變。例如：

I wished I hadn't spent so much money.

我要是那時沒有花掉那么多錢就好了。

2. 如果that 從句中用would , 一般表示對現(xiàn)狀不滿或希望未來有所改變或請求

I wish he would answer my letter.

I wish prices would come down.

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