發(fā)布時間： 2016年03月18日
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Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found
The World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times， the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB， usually in their （1）_____.Two million people die （2）_____ it. The disease has （3）_____ with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.
Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to （4）_____ a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop （5）_____ they feel better. Doing that can （6）_____ to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how （7）_____ it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients （8）_____.It would also mean （9）_____ infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.
The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They （10）_____ the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might （11）_____ about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these （12）_____ would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is， if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.
The World Health Organization （13）_____ the DOTS program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment， Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make （14）_____ they continue treatment.
Earlier this year， an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research （15）_____ new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.
<1> A.kidneys B.lungs C.bones D.livers
正確答案： B
答案解析：結核病多發(fā)于肺部，這是一般的常識。答案選B.
<2> A.with B.without C.of D.out of
正確答案： C
答案解析：die of意思是“死于某種疾病”，其他三個介詞都不與die搭配。答案選C.
<3> A.increased B.decreased C.changed D.disappeared
正確答案： A
答案解析：本句后半部說到艾滋病的傳播和抗藥型結核病的出現(xiàn)，那么根據(jù)推理，結核病自然應該增加，而不可能“減少”或“消失”。至于“變化”，不應該是結核病本身發(fā)生變化，而應該是發(fā)病率發(fā)生變化。答案選A.
<4> A.make B.take C.try D.test
正確答案： B
答案解析：從本句的前后句可以推測到本句想說的是“病人每天必須服用幾種抗生素藥物”，而服藥只能選擇take，其他幾個動詞都不合適。答案選B.
<5> A.as if B.as though C.as far as D.as soon as
正確答案： D
答案解析：句首的Bu顯然與上句意思發(fā)生轉折，而四個選項中as if、as though都是“仿佛，宛如”的意思，as far as則是“至于……，就……而言”的意思，填在這里均不合適，只有as soon as （“一……就……”）才恰當。答案選D.
<6> A.refer B.apply C.lead D.amount
正確答案： C
答案解析：本空白處后面有介詞to，雖然這幾個選項均可與to連用，但意思各不相同：refer to“談及，參考”；apply to“接洽，適用于”；lead to：“導致”；amount to“合計，總共達……”，只有選擇lead才能使本句意思完整、準確。答案選C.
<7> A.effective B.ineffective C.expensive D.inexpensive
正確答案： A
答案解析：只要用心注意上面那句話就可以很容易地找到答案，顯然本句想說“現(xiàn)在有一項新的研究想評估這種速效治療劑究竟效力有多大”。答案選A.
<8> A.cured B.to cure C.being cured D.having been cured
正確答案： A
答案解析：本句考查的是語法。根據(jù)所給的動詞，我們可以猜到本句想說的是“Joshua Salomon 說，療程較短的治療計劃可能意味著不僅僅是更多病人被治好”。這里從語法分析，應該是缺一個定語修飾patients.cure是一個及物動詞，病人應是被治療者。B項to cure不能表示被動；C和D雖然有表示被動的意思，但是C是“正在被治療”，D是“已經被治療”，二者隱含的時態(tài)在這里均不合適，只有A才是恰當?shù)摹?
<9> A.many B.more C.few D.fewer
正確答案： D
答案解析：前句說到更多病人可以被治愈，根據(jù)推理，后句應該是“將感染傳遞給別人的傳染病人就會更少”，因為前后兩句實際上具有因果關系。這里必須用比較級fewer，因為few是表示“不多的，幾乎沒有的”（=not many），而fewer則只是與以前比較“更少”，并沒有明確多少。答案選D.
<10> A.provided B.introduced C.tested D.tempted
正確答案： C
答案解析：只有填C項tested （“檢驗”）才能符合上下文意思，其他三項不僅詞義不合適，詞的用法也不對。答案選C.
<11> A.bring about B.contributed to C.promote D.prevent
正確答案： D
答案解析：空白處的上一句實際上起到提示作用，兩個月的治療方案可以防止大約20%的新病例，后句自然應是“也可能防止大約20%的結核病死亡”。其他三個選項詞義均相反。答案選D.
<12> A.increases B.reductions C.creations D.collections
正確答案： B
答案解析：上面兩句說到“可以防止大約20%的新病例和可能防止大約20%的死亡”，這自然是“降低”，絕不可能是“增加”，更不是“創(chuàng)作品”、“收藏品”。答案選B.
<13> A.developed B.invented C.delayed D.refused
正確答案： A
答案解析：空白處的上一句實際上也起到提示作用，可以推測，本句應該是“制訂DOTS計劃”，而四個選項中只有A項有“制訂”的意思，計劃也不可能是“發(fā)明”，從上下文分析，更不可能是“推遲”或“拒絕”。答案選A.
<14> A.easy B.uneasy C.sure D.unsure
正確答案： C
答案解析：DOTS計劃土中就包含“直接觀察”的意思，本句中也說到“衛(wèi)生工作者監(jiān)督結核病人每天服藥”，目的自然是要“確信他們繼續(xù)治療”，C項make sure正是“確信”的意思。答案選C.
<15> A.with B.to C.onto D.into
正確答案： D
答案解析：research 后面常用on 或into，偶爾也用for 或after，例如：a research for/after facts （對事實的調查），但不與其他三個選項連用。答案選D.
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