2016年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)3

快速閱讀從2006年6月份首次出現(xiàn)到現(xiàn)在，題型的難度一直在穩(wěn)步遞增，其中也包含了題型的改變(自2007年12月份起將判斷題改為選擇題)。這既折射出了命題者對(duì)該部分題型命制的探索與不斷創(chuàng)新，也反映出了命題者在反復(fù)調(diào)整題型的難度系數(shù)，想要給該部分尋找到一個(gè)合適的分量。這種嘗試既有成功，但也有欠考慮之處。考生普遍反映快速閱讀難度過(guò)大，個(gè)別題目超出了四級(jí)甚至是六級(jí)考試大綱的要求。下面，將結(jié)合真題為各位考生揭開(kāi)快速閱讀解題的神秘面紗：

兩大基本考點(diǎn)——skimming和scanning

其實(shí)“快速閱讀”這個(gè)稱謂是對(duì)這部分題型名稱的一種誤解，甚或說(shuō)是一種誤譯。實(shí)際上試題冊(cè)上所給的題型英文名稱是Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)——閱讀理解(略讀與跳讀)。不少考生正是由于受到所謂“快速”兩字的誤導(dǎo)，以為單純求快就可以萬(wàn)事大吉，殊不知這其中是另有“隱情”。

Skimming——略讀

略讀，顧名思義就是要求考生在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)把握住文章某個(gè)段落的主題思想。我們首先來(lái)看一下2010年6月份快速閱讀第一題：

1. What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet?

A) Her daughter's repeated complaints.

B) Fatigue resulting from lack of sleep.

C) The poorly managed state of her house.

D) The high financial costs adding up.

一般來(lái)說(shuō)快速閱讀的第一題往往是針對(duì)文章的開(kāi)頭部分。以該題為例，基本上所有考生都能夠定位到第一段?？墒堑谝欢蔚降讘?yīng)該怎么讀就成了個(gè)大問(wèn)題。

A few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs – leaving her bed for only brief intervals. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took near-constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem.

誠(chéng)然，從頭到尾“快速”讀完確實(shí)是個(gè)辦法——而且也是絕大多數(shù)考生使用的辦法，但這樣做完全失去了skimming的意義。換個(gè)角度來(lái)說(shuō)，如果每個(gè)題目都像這樣把段落讀完，那么十道題加在一起所積累的閱讀量勢(shì)必將超過(guò)15分鐘的大限。其實(shí)大部分文章的段落重點(diǎn)或者說(shuō)中心都集中在首末句上。略讀所要考察的就是考生是否敢于大膽抓住首末句，拋去段落中間的無(wú)效部分，從而迅速找到答案。以本題而言，該段最后一句，尤其是but之后的“it took near-constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem”(直到她的四個(gè)女兒開(kāi)始不斷發(fā)出抱怨的時(shí)候她在開(kāi)始意識(shí)到自己出問(wèn)題了)就是答案所在位置。故而選擇A選項(xiàng)。

再看2009年6月的快速閱讀第六題：

6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshop?

A) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted.

B) It tapped into the executives’ full potential.

C) It helped him make fair decisions.

D) It met participants’ diverse needs.

這道題在當(dāng)年得分率非常低。原因就在于這道題對(duì)應(yīng)的可能段落有兩段而不是一段(省略號(hào)表示段落略去部分，下文同此例)：

“I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . …”Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce .

“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .” Dale credits the workshop , “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .”

這道題目的要求更高?？忌粌H要知道重點(diǎn)在兩個(gè)段落的首末句上，還需要結(jié)合題目所問(wèn)，對(duì)這四個(gè)句子孰輕孰重作出預(yù)先判斷，然后再進(jìn)行閱讀。題目問(wèn)的是Dale對(duì)這個(gè)研討班的看法。據(jù)此看來(lái)一段第一句無(wú)效，因其起始部分講到的是Dale在公司的position(職位)。同樣該段末句也無(wú)效，Dale’s assumptions——講的是Dale原先的一些錯(cuò)誤想法和做法。很可惜的是當(dāng)年不少考生都在這兩個(gè)句子上耗費(fèi)了大量時(shí)間，甚至還有個(gè)別考生通讀該段，這樣自然是得不償失。

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