2016四級(jí)考試閱讀：巧做細(xì)節(jié)題

在最近幾次的四級(jí)考試當(dāng)細(xì)節(jié)題所占比例有所增加，從2006年題型改革之前的40%提高到50%。我們可以這么說(shuō)，“得細(xì)節(jié)題者得天下”。不過(guò)非?？上У氖?，考生們?cè)诩?xì)節(jié)題部分的得分率并不理想。

其實(shí)經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的復(fù)習(xí)之后考生們已經(jīng)能夠?qū)σ恍┗窘忸}思路比較清楚，也能夠形成一套固定的解題流程。比如，解決細(xì)節(jié)題，首先就是在題干中尋找關(guān)鍵詞，然后將關(guān)鍵詞代入文章找到它在原文中的位置，接著仔細(xì)分析該句然后找到對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)。不過(guò)，在多年的教學(xué)當(dāng)中筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，恰巧是最后一步——找到與原文對(duì)應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)成為了絕大多數(shù)考生的攔路虎。廣大考生所面臨的實(shí)際情況是，文章好像也看懂了，重點(diǎn)也找到了，但是四個(gè)選項(xiàng)看起來(lái)卻是“亂花漸欲迷人眼”讓人無(wú)所適從——癥結(jié)所在就是無(wú)法找到真正與原文對(duì)應(yīng)的最佳選項(xiàng)，欠缺應(yīng)有的甄別能力。這個(gè)問(wèn)題該如何解決呢?這就是今天要向讀者朋友們介紹的方法：逐詞對(duì)應(yīng)法。下面筆者將結(jié)合一篇四級(jí)閱讀真題，對(duì)此加以說(shuō)明。

(段落和題目有刪節(jié))：

In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain school District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement. "We're worried about our teachers and principals, and we really don't want to lose them because of this," one parent sail. "If we can help ease their financial burden, we will. " …

The 22,000-student district discovered the shortage last month. " It's extraordinary. Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level," said State Treasurer Mike Coffman.

At Coffman's request, the District Attorney has begun investigating the district's finances. Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election, when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools.

…

At Creek High School, three students started a website that displays newspaper articles, district information and an email forum(論壇)." Rumors about what's happening to the district are moving at lighting speed, " said a student. " We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead."

28.In the view of State Treasurer Mike Coffman, the educational budget shortage is_________.

A) unavoidable

B) unthinkable

C) insolvable

D) irreversible

29.Why did Coffman request an investigation?

A) To see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem.

B) To find out the extent of the consequences of the case.

C) To make sure that the school principals were innocent.

D) To stop the voters approving the $212 million bong issue.

30.Three high school students started a website in order to__________.

A) attract greater public attention to their needs.

B) appeal to the public for contributions and donations.

C) expose officials who neglected their duties.

D) keep people properly informed of the crisis.

28題問(wèn)的是Mike Coffman對(duì)預(yù)算短缺問(wèn)題看法。一般考生都可以分析出來(lái)此題所針對(duì)的是文章第2段當(dāng)中Coffman所說(shuō)的“Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level”(幾乎沒(méi)有人能夠想象到會(huì)發(fā)生程度如此嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題)。大概說(shuō)來(lái)Coffman想要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。不過(guò)分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)之后我們發(fā)現(xiàn)命題者可謂是頗費(fèi)心思，所設(shè)計(jì)的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)unavoidable (難以避免)、unthinkable(難以設(shè)想)、insolvable(無(wú)法解決)還有irreversible(覆水難收)都有“問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重”這個(gè)含義在內(nèi)，這就使得不少考生犯難了。而逐詞對(duì)應(yīng)這個(gè)方法就是要告誡我們拋開(kāi)對(duì)選項(xiàng)和原文的表面化和簡(jiǎn)單化的了解，要深入到其中的核心詞匯，逐個(gè)加以分析。比如28題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，在經(jīng)過(guò)縱向比較之后不難發(fā)現(xiàn)它們雖然表面意思比較接近但是其中的動(dòng)詞詞根的意義差別卻相當(dāng)巨大，分別為avoid(避免)、think、solve(解決)和reverse(顛倒)。接著我們回看原文，在Coffman所說(shuō)的這句話中真正的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞就是imagine(想象)。很明顯，只有B選項(xiàng)的think最能夠傳達(dá)原文的意思。

29題問(wèn)Coffman為什么要求對(duì)該地財(cái)政狀況進(jìn)行調(diào)查。第三段第二句告訴我們he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election(他想知道是否有當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T故意掩蓋預(yù)算短問(wèn)題缺，一直拖到11月份選舉)。根據(jù)逐詞對(duì)應(yīng)的思路，我們首先要提煉出原文當(dāng)中的核心詞匯——尤其是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞牽涉到全句的基本含義，所以實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的提取和比較也就是它的精髓所在。原句的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有兩部分，首先是主句的“wants to know”，顯然D選項(xiàng)的動(dòng)詞stop是無(wú)法與之對(duì)應(yīng)的，自然被排除。接著我們又看到原句中的第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞hid，在這兒它的意思是掩蓋。分析到此相信大家都明白了，能夠和它對(duì)等的就是A選項(xiàng)中的cover-up。逐詞對(duì)應(yīng)避免了對(duì)無(wú)關(guān)或者多余信息的比較，直指核心，確實(shí)達(dá)到了事半功倍的效果。

最后一題在當(dāng)年的考試當(dāng)中是得分率最低的一個(gè)。但是在使用了逐詞對(duì)應(yīng)之后相信讀者們會(huì)迅速做出正確判斷。

30題針對(duì)的是全文最后一句，“We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead?！?我們想要了解事實(shí)并將向公眾傳達(dá))。不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話中的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有兩個(gè)，know和spread。值得注意的是這里的spread是傳播的意思。再來(lái)看看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的動(dòng)詞部分，A選項(xiàng)是attract，吸引;B選項(xiàng)是appeal to，在本句中的意思是呼吁;C選項(xiàng)是expose，揭露;D選項(xiàng)是動(dòng)詞詞組，keep somebody informed，告知、通知某人。既然原文講到學(xué)生門(mén)成立網(wǎng)站的目的是要“了解”和“傳播”事實(shí)，那就是要讓大家都知道事實(shí)，或者說(shuō)把事實(shí)情況告訴給周?chē)娜耍@而易見(jiàn)，D選項(xiàng)成為了不二的選擇。

綜上所述，逐詞對(duì)應(yīng)法主要由兩個(gè)部分組成。首先是要提取核心詞匯——主要是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞——理解它們?cè)谠暮瓦x項(xiàng)中的正確含義;接下來(lái)只要找到包含與原文意義一致的選項(xiàng)即可。希望考生朋友們能夠仔細(xì)體會(huì)，幫助自己迅速提高解題正確率。

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