2016年四級(jí)作文：是時(shí)候?qū)W學(xué)描寫(xiě)霧霾了

12月7日18時(shí)，北京首次發(fā)布空氣重污染紅色預(yù)警(red alert for heavy air pollution)，啟動(dòng)了空氣污染應(yīng)急制度中等級(jí)最高的措施。

This is the first time Beijing has issued a red alert for smog since 2013 when Beijing adopted an emergency response program for air pollution.

這是北京自2013年開(kāi)始實(shí)施空氣污染應(yīng)急制度以來(lái)首次發(fā)布霧霾紅色預(yù)警。

▌主要應(yīng)急措施包括：

?suspend classes in all elementary and middle schools, kindergartens and extracurricular training schools;

所有的中小學(xué)、幼兒園、少年宮及校外教育機(jī)構(gòu)停課;

?cars are allowed on the roads on alternating days depending on the odd or even numbers of their license plates;

機(jī)動(dòng)車將依據(jù)汽車尾號(hào)實(shí)施單雙號(hào)限行;

?outdoor operations of construction sites are banned and some industrial plants are required to limit or stop production.

工地停止室外施工作業(yè)，同時(shí)一些工業(yè)企業(yè)也要按要求采取限產(chǎn)或停產(chǎn)措施。

▌怎樣才能啟動(dòng)紅色預(yù)警?

?Four-tier alerts - blue, yellow, orange and red - will be issued on "heavy pollution" days. Red alert, the highest, will be issued for heavy pollution that is expected to last more than three days.

在空氣重污染情況下將會(huì)發(fā)出預(yù)警，霾的預(yù)警級(jí)別由低到高分別為藍(lán)色、黃色、橙色和紅色四個(gè)等級(jí)。其中紅色是最高級(jí)別，當(dāng)重度空氣污染持續(xù)三天以上將會(huì)發(fā)布紅色預(yù)警。

▌等風(fēng)來(lái)

北京市環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)中心(Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center)表示，這次空氣重污染將一直持續(xù)到周四(linger until Thursday)。在周四下午開(kāi)始一股較強(qiáng)冷空氣(cold front )的到來(lái)，將使霧霾消散( to disperse)。

霧霾再嚴(yán)重，也阻擋不了我們頑強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的決心!而且聽(tīng)說(shuō)霧霾天學(xué)點(diǎn)跟霧霾環(huán)保有關(guān)的英語(yǔ)更配哦!

如何描述霧霾

????先來(lái)學(xué)一些關(guān)鍵動(dòng)詞

▌blanket(籠罩)

Much of northern China has been blanketed in thick smog after Beijing issued its highest air pollution alert of the winter in the capital.

北京發(fā)布了今冬最嚴(yán)重的空氣污染預(yù)警后，華北大部分都籠罩在濃濃霧霾中。

▌engulf (吞噬、使陷入)

Beijing was again engulfed in heavy smog on Tuesday, sending air pollution readings soaring.

北京周二又深陷嚴(yán)重霧霾之中，空氣污染指數(shù)飆升。

Air pollution in Beijing reached hazardous levels on Saturday as smog engulfed large parts of China despite efforts to clean up the foul air.

盡管中國(guó)在努力清潔污濁的空氣，但在周六，霧霾仍吞噬了中國(guó)大部分地區(qū)，北京的空氣污染在周六達(dá)到嚴(yán)重有害程度。

▌shroud (覆蓋)

Since Tuesday, the city had been shrouded in grey smog, reducing visibilities to a few hundred metres.

周二以來(lái)，這個(gè)城市就被灰色霧霾籠罩，可見(jiàn)度降到僅有幾百米。

▌envelop(包裹、包圍)

Residents of north-eastern China donned gas masks and locked themselves indoors on Sunday after their homes were enveloped by some of the worst levels of smog on record.

史上最嚴(yán)重的霧霾包圍了中國(guó)東北部，居民都戴上了防毒面具，或把自己關(guān)在家里。

????怎樣用英語(yǔ)吐槽霧霾

“相比于冀霾的激烈、滬霾的濕熱、粵霾的陰冷，我更喜歡京霾的醇厚、真實(shí)和具體”……中文含蓄又尖銳的嘲諷，換成英文，就變成直截了當(dāng)?shù)耐虏邸?

?The smog is severe!

霧霾太嚴(yán)重了!

?When the pollution gets really serious, I can't even see the buildings next to me.

霧霾太嚴(yán)重了，附近的建筑都看不清了。

?I'm very concerned about my son's health. If the air pollution stays like this, he won't ever be able to leave the house.

我很擔(dān)心我兒子的健康。如果空氣質(zhì)量一直這么差的話，他就不能去外面玩。

?Strong cold air is in the forecast to blow away the smog.

天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)有強(qiáng)冷空氣要來(lái)吹散霧霾了。

????各種“霧”的區(qū)別

▌fog

霧，相對(duì)濕度(the relative humidity)一般在90%以上。

▌mist

薄霧，多指晨間的白霧。

▌haze

霾，由細(xì)小的懸浮顆粒(fine suspended particles)引起的，常與thick、dense等形容詞連用;此外，haze還有薄霧、迷糊的意思。

▌smog

煙霧，由smoke和fog構(gòu)成，是煙塵等引起的空氣污染?？捎胐ense、choking(令人窒息的)、noxious(有毒的)等形容詞修飾。

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