發(fā)布時間: 2015年07月03日
雅思閱讀中定位詞如何選擇?雅思閱讀考試的核心就是信息的獲取能力,特別是雅思閱讀定位詞的抓取能力,而在這個過程中雅思閱讀定位詞無疑扮演著非常重要的一個角色,但往往很多同學(xué)也說到“這些雅思閱讀技巧都知道,但就是抓不住關(guān)鍵的信息”,這主要是因?yàn)檠潘奸喿x考試定位詞越來越多多變、越來越具有欺騙性造成的,那么雅思閱讀考試定位詞如何抓呢?
雅思閱讀定位詞★ 雅思定位詞在文章中出現(xiàn)的第一種也是最常見的一種變身是“同義替換”,這包含同義詞或同義詞組。
劍6,Test4的Q9:Kim Schaefer’s marketing technique may be open to criticism onmoral grounds。題目中定位詞為moral,在文章中定位,我們會在文章第三段中定位到“Selling pharmaceuticals is adaily exercise in ethical judgment”,而其中ethical即為moral的同義詞。
劍4,Test3的Q9:Any street child can set up their own small business if givenenough support.此判斷題中定位詞實(shí)際上是詞組“set up their own small business”,在文章中定位,我們會在文章中“Lessons learned” 的部分中定位到“Being an entrepreneur is not foreveryone, not for every street child”。此處,文章中“Being anentrepreneur”即為定位詞的同義詞組。
其他的同義詞/詞組變身如:
perceive →sense evolve →develop detect →find
mortal →people unbiased → objective
limb → arm or leg waste→ unwanted material
resemble → look like dwelling → domestic building
雅思閱讀定位詞★ 雅思定位詞在文章中出現(xiàn)的第二種變身是“近義替換”,這包含近義詞或近義詞組。
劍7,Test1的Q8:However, even before this was understood, the principle hadbeen applied in the design of instruments which calculated the ____ of theseabed。 此題為在原文中選詞填空的摘要題,定位詞為“calculate”和“seabed”, 在文章中我們會定位到“Before this wasdiscovered, engineers had already built instruments to exploit the principle,for example to measure the depth of the sea under aship”。此處“measure”即為“calculate”的近義詞,而“sea”即為“seabed”的上義詞。
其他的近義詞/詞組變身如:
salary → wage statement → comment
be gained from → derive from policy → initiative
valuable → important break down → subdivide
雅思閱讀定位詞★ 雅思定位詞在文章中出現(xiàn)的第三種變身是“派生詞”。
劍6,Test3的Q33:Monkeys were less likely to becomediabetic。此題為分類題,定位詞為“diabetic”,在文章中定位,我們能定位到句子“…and they have more normal bloodglucose levels(pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes, which is marked byusually high blood glucoselevels)”。題目中定位詞“diabetic”為名詞,意為“糖尿病患者”,而文章中的“diabetes”也為名詞,但意為“糖尿病”,是“diabetic”的派生詞。
劍4,Test4的Q14:archaeology involves creativity as well as carefulinvestigative work。此題為是非無判斷題,定位詞為“creativity”和“investigative”,在文章中我們能定位到“Archaeology is partly thediscovery of the treasures of the past,…partly the exercise of the creativeimagination…it is investigating the sewers of RomanBritain”。題目中定位詞“creativity”為名詞,在文章中對應(yīng)形式“creative”(形容詞)為它的派生詞,;定位詞“investigative”為形容詞,在文章中對應(yīng)形式“investigate”(動詞)為它的派生詞。
其他的派生詞變身如:
recover → recovery evolutionary → evolve
erosion → erode
雅思閱讀定位詞★ 雅思定位詞在文章中出現(xiàn)的第四種變身是“反義詞的否定形式”。
Sticking Power中的Q15:What makes sticky insects feet special is the fact thatthey can also detach themselves easily from a surface。
此題屬于人名理論配對,題目中定位詞為 detach。到文章中去定位,我們會定位到“’There are lots of ways to maketwo surfaces stick together, but there are very few which provide precise andreversible attachment’ says StasGorb”,句中attachment實(shí)際上為detach的反義詞attach的名詞形式,而reversible表示可逆的,因此 reversibleattachment即為detach的反義詞(組)的否定形式。
其它的反義詞否定形式變身如:similar → not unusual
雅思閱讀定位詞★ 雅思定位詞在文章中出現(xiàn)的第五種變身是“上義詞/詞組”。
劍6,Test3的Q28:Studies show drugs available today can delay the process ofgrowing old。此題為是非無判斷題,定位詞為“drugs”,在文章中定位,我們能在文章第一段定位到“As researchers on agingnoted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow humanaging –the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increasesvulnerability to infirmity as we get older”。文章中“treatment”即為定位詞“drugs”的上義詞。
劍4,Test2的Q8:Young people often reject the established way of life in theircommunity。此題為人名理論配對題,題目中信息量較大,需要根據(jù)詞組“reject the established way of life in theircommunity”來定位,到文章中定位,我們會定位到“When the next generation reaches their teens, theymight not want to be induced into the old traditions”。此處,“the oldtraditions”即為題目中“the established way of life in their community”的上義詞組。
其它的上義詞/詞組變身如:the newspaper and television → media
雅思閱讀定位詞★ 雅思定位詞在文章中出現(xiàn)的第六種變身是“下義詞/詞組”。
劍5,Test3的Q27:how AI might have a militaryimpact。此題為段落信息配對題,定位詞為“military”,在文章中定位,我們會在E段定位到“HNC claim that their systembased on a cluster of 30processors, could be used to spot camouflaged vehicleson a battlefield or …”,句中“battlefield”即為“military”的下義詞。
其它的下義詞/詞組變身如:military → weapon / the Second World War
雅思閱讀定位詞★ 雅思定位詞在文章中出現(xiàn)的第七種變身是“原詞”,即沒有變身。這種情況多發(fā)生在定位詞是專有名詞、專業(yè)術(shù)語或?qū)嵙x名詞時。
劍7,Test3的Q28:Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they areoutside the European Economic Community,此題為是非無判斷題,定位詞為“Nordiccountries”。在文章中定位,我們能夠在第一段定位到“Those confined to particular geographical areas,such as countries bordering the Mediterranean or the Nordic countries thereforehad to be discarded”,句中的“Nordic countries”即為定位詞原詞。
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