托福經(jīng)典加試疑難問(wèn)題解答

　　同學(xué)們對(duì)托福經(jīng)典加試了解嗎?一些考生經(jīng)常會(huì)提問(wèn)：什么是經(jīng)典加試，經(jīng)典加試算分么?我想對(duì)于經(jīng)典加試，考生們有很多的困惑，外界對(duì)于這些問(wèn)題也是眾說(shuō)紛紜。今天，新東方托福小編為大家準(zhǔn)備了一些經(jīng)典加試相關(guān)的解答，供同學(xué)們參考。希望能夠幫到大家。

　　一、什么是經(jīng)典加試題?

　　IBT閱讀或聽(tīng)力部分，會(huì)在考試時(shí)要求考生多完成一篇閱讀或者一個(gè)聽(tīng)力section，作為題目難易度的檢測(cè)(ETS原話)。但事實(shí)上，這些加試的題目大多來(lái)自一個(gè)小題庫(kù)，一般而言加試閱讀的數(shù)量為一篇文章，加試聽(tīng)力則是加三個(gè)聽(tīng)力段子(一個(gè)對(duì)話兩個(gè)講座)。并且隨著熱心考生的增多，這些試題，包括原文、題目和答案都被整理出來(lái)了。加試的范圍局限于閱讀和聽(tīng)力兩個(gè)板塊，一般來(lái)說(shuō)加試了聽(tīng)力就不會(huì)加閱讀，加試了閱讀就不會(huì)加聽(tīng)力。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，大部分的考生遇到的都是聽(tīng)力加試，比例在90%左右，只有5%的學(xué)生是閱讀加試，另外，個(gè)別悲劇的學(xué)生會(huì)遇到聽(tīng)力閱讀雙加試，那對(duì)于考生而言，的確是體力和耐性的極大挑戰(zhàn)。

　　二、如何使用這些經(jīng)典試題?

　　很簡(jiǎn)單，熟悉經(jīng)典加試的內(nèi)容，了解出題思路，但是不要只背答案上考場(chǎng)直接填，因?yàn)檎沓鰜?lái)的題目順序，答案排序和真題有出入。

　　三、例外情況?

　　有同學(xué)，確實(shí)有同學(xué)，概率<1%，碰到非經(jīng)典加試題，這樣只能硬著頭皮上了。在極少狀況下會(huì)出現(xiàn)不加試或者兩者均加的狀況，不過(guò)這種概率非常小。

　　四、托福經(jīng)典加試題算不算分?

　　可能算分可能不算分。會(huì)從整體上對(duì)你的分?jǐn)?shù)有所影響。因?yàn)镋TS不知道這次的題出的難度是否合適，而加試題又是一直固定的幾套，所以他們會(huì)根據(jù)你的加試得分適當(dāng)調(diào)整你的托福分?jǐn)?shù)。如果這次考試普遍加試分?jǐn)?shù)高，托?？碱}得分低，那ETS會(huì)給你適當(dāng)加分。反之可推。當(dāng)然這些數(shù)據(jù)也會(huì)被他們用作統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。如果正題20分，加試10分，ETS則認(rèn)為是這次考生水平普遍較低，考試難度偏小，所以會(huì)相應(yīng)減少每個(gè)人的閱讀得分。反之，如果正題10分，加試25分，那么ETS就認(rèn)為在考生水平那么高的情況下閱讀平均分還那么低，一定是因?yàn)轭}目難度偏大，所以會(huì)給每個(gè)考生平均加上幾分。這也是為什么托?？忌毡榉从畴y度不太穩(wěn)定，分?jǐn)?shù)卻較為穩(wěn)定的原因。這同時(shí)也就是ETS所謂的“在考生水平有波動(dòng)的情況下，我們依然能給予每個(gè)考生最公平的分?jǐn)?shù)”的原因。

　　五、從筆記思路著手和大家分享聽(tīng)力經(jīng)典加試的部分內(nèi)容

　　Term paper of Bird migration

　　Listen to a conversation between a student and his Biology professor.

　　S: Dr. Russell, I was hoping to discuss my term paper with you. I'm getting a little bit stuck here.

　　老師，我想和你討論一下我這學(xué)期的論文，我卡住了(主旨題)。

　　P: Of course, so...what do you have so far? What's your topic?

　　沒(méi)問(wèn)題，你現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)備什么了，題目是什么?

　　S: Well, I wanted to write about bird migration, but I'm having trouble finding enough sources.

　　我想寫(xiě)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)遷徙的，但是我找不到足夠的資料。

　　P: You're having trouble finding sources on bird migration?

　　(語(yǔ)調(diào)上揚(yáng))你找不到鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)遷徙的資料?(重聽(tīng)題)

　　S: No, actually, on the particular aspect of bird migration that I want to write about. The thing is, I wanted to write specifically on early theories of bird migration...describe some of the theories, like how Aristotle thought that birds changed into different species during the winter or how other naturalists thought that bigger birds carried smaller birds to warmer spots for the winter time. But I've only got a couple of books to work with right now.

　　也不是，就是我寫(xiě)的那個(gè)方向找不到。我想寫(xiě)早期的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)遷徙理論，比如Aristotle的看法，還有其他自然學(xué)家對(duì)大鳥(niǎo)帶著小鳥(niǎo)到過(guò)冬地方的一些看法，但是我只找到了兩三本這樣的書(shū)。

　　P: Hm...I have to admit that it's an interesting topic, and you certainly seem excited by it. But remember I told you all to ask yourselves how your topic is going to help you show that you can apply what you've learned this semester. A summary or description is not really what I'm looking for as much as your analysis of a certain topic.

　　嗯，我承認(rèn)這是個(gè)很好的題目，你應(yīng)該也挺感興趣的。但是記住，我讓你們寫(xiě)的是這學(xué)期學(xué)到的東西，我想看到的是你的分析，而不是一個(gè)總結(jié)或者說(shuō)明。(細(xì)節(jié)題，轉(zhuǎn)折原則)

　　S: I guess it's not really what we're supposed to do, huh.

　　我也覺(jué)得這是我們應(yīng)該做的。

　P: Right. So, how about we think about some other ideas for your paper? I mean you don't need to discard the idea completely... but... take a really different focus. Um... for example...you could present what you think are some reasons-the rationale-behind some of the erroneous theories early naturalists had. But, you'll be supporting your views with current research; those are the sources you'll need to seek out.

　　讓我們來(lái)看看。我覺(jué)得你不要完全放棄這個(gè)想法，但是可以考慮換個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。你可以寫(xiě)一下早期自然學(xué)家錯(cuò)誤理論背后的原因。但是要用現(xiàn)在的研究來(lái)支持你的觀點(diǎn)，這才是你需要找的資料。(細(xì)節(jié)題，轉(zhuǎn)折原則)

　　S: Ok, I think I see what you're saying. So, like today...today we know that lots of small birds migrate at night, but maybe ‘cause people didn't see them-didn't see the small birds migrating-they only saw bigger birds, like geese migrating during the day. They thought that the big birds were carrying the small ones under their wings.

　　我明白了。比如現(xiàn)在我們認(rèn)為很多小鳥(niǎo)是在晚上遷徙，很可能是人們沒(méi)看到這些小鳥(niǎo)，他們只看到了白天遷徙的大鳥(niǎo)，也有可能是大鳥(niǎo)在翅膀下帶著小鳥(niǎo)遷徙的。(細(xì)節(jié)題，因果原則)

　　P: There you go! That's exactly what I mean. You're showing that you're thinking about the topic, not just telling me what you read.

　　這就是我想說(shuō)的，我想你懂我的意思了。

　　S: Ok, I also have a really cool example of a migratory bird that I'd like to discuss in my paper. It's the Common Poor will—I mean it seems that some Ornithologists believe that the Common Poor will really does hibernate instead of migrating—that it's maybe the only bird that does.

　　我還想寫(xiě)一些鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)學(xué)家所說(shuō)的，不遷徙而是冬眠的鳥(niǎo)。

　　P: If I were you, I would stick just with migration research. Remember, this is only a 15-page paper.

　　如果我是你，我就不會(huì)在只有15頁(yè)的論文上寫(xiě)這么多內(nèi)容。(細(xì)節(jié)題，建議原則)

　　S: Ok, I see your point.

　　好吧，我懂了。

　　P: But it's great that you're finding this all so interesting. I want you to come back to see me in a week so we can take a look at the new direction in your paper and evaluate the sources you've found in the meantime.

　　嗯，但是這個(gè)想法很不錯(cuò)，你一周內(nèi)再來(lái)找我吧，我們討論一下你論文新的方向。

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