發(fā)布時間: 2018年05月22日
由于評分中提到高級詞匯的使用及詞匯使用廣度的說法,有些考生認為雅思寫作中必要出現(xiàn)長詞,難詞,生僻詞,否則不足以顯示語言能力之強,卻忘記了,詞匯準確性更是考核的基礎(chǔ)。用錯了語境,這樣的大詞不止不是點睛,反而是敗筆了。重環(huán)球思
比如想表達“廣告造成盲目消費,影響很大”有的考生選擇用gigantic來形容嚴重性,然而,用來形容廣告的負面影響這個詞未免過于嚴重了。
下面再列舉幾個寫作中的句子,看一下哪些詞出現(xiàn)了使用不當?shù)那闆r,以及怎樣替換才能準確的表達呢?
1) Some children are so selfish that they always engage in some malicious behaviors, like littering.
2) It is universally acknowledged that mobile phones are widely used in our daily life.
3) Children always obtain money from their parents.
例句中,malicious一般用來形容本質(zhì)出于惡意的行為,形容亂丟垃圾顯然過大了,建議改為improper;同理,2,3句中universally acknowledged換為generally believed;obtain 換為get即可;不恰當?shù)拇笤~起到的只能是反效果。
因此,童鞋們背單詞的時候一定不能僅僅背其中文翻譯,還需要明確詞匯的搭配和使用語境;用法得當才能錦上添花。
詞性使用不當
很多考生背單詞,由于只背意思和拼寫而不注意詞性,導致用詞錯誤,而詞性錯誤直接導致語法錯誤,連帶下一項評分標準一定受影響,從而失分降檔。
比如,最常見的表達影響的詞“affect, effect”許多考生搞不清楚前者為動詞后者為名詞,各種用錯;再如表缺乏的詞組:lack of, 考生想當然的在前面加be動詞使用, 殊不知,lack當動詞,名詞都可以,唯獨沒有形容詞的用法。
類似的還有表達“替代”的幾個詞:replace, instead 和substitute。有些考生誤以為三者都是動詞,其實,instead 為副詞,substitute 既是及物動詞,不及物動詞,又是名詞。
同樣再舉幾個例子讓大家感受下,能否找出其中使用不當?shù)脑~呢?
1) When the amount of supply beyond the market demand, the price will go down.
2) When one studies at home lonely, he or she will be less motivated.
3) With the number of cars increases sharply, traffic congestion has become more serious in urban areas.
上面三句分別出現(xiàn)了不當詞性問題,需要做如下更改:
beyond—exceeds,
lonely—alone 和
increases—increasing;
你做對了嗎?
詞匯使用單一,缺乏多樣性
除了用詞準確,想要取得理想的分數(shù),我們還需要注意詞匯多樣性,即替換詞匯的使用。如果反復重現(xiàn)同一個詞,考官會認為該考生的詞匯量很有限,比如小作文中常用的“上升”,如果考生僅用increase, 卻沒有替換比如:“rise, grow, climb, rocket, soar, jump”等,整體語言就會顯得單一
因此,考生備考中還需要通過各種手段來避免重復和展現(xiàn)多樣性,而所謂各種手段常用的就是:同義詞,反義詞,詞性轉(zhuǎn)變,指代和派生等。
比如在一段論述應(yīng)該對各種類型的犯罪采取固定處罰的文章中,某個7.5分的范文是這樣論述的:
On the one hand, fixed punishments will have a deterring effect on society. Individuals knowing that they will be subject to a certain punishment if they are convicted with a given crime, will reconsider committing thisact in the first place. This deterring effect also leads to social stability and security, through minimizing the number of crime committed. If people knewthey would be able to convince the court or the jury of a reason for having committed the crime they are accused of, penal decisions would be largely arbitrary. This would result into criminals getting away with their crimes and into a high level of injustice caused by the subjective approach of different courts.
立論和辯證之類不在我們今天的討論范圍,其用詞的多樣性值得學習和借鑒。
整理下其中的詞匯替換如下:
同義詞/短語替換:
arbitrary—subjective;
punishment—penalty;
lead to—result in—cause;
派生:crime—criminal
指代:crime—act
反義詞:injustice—justice
詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:commit—committed
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