發(fā)布時間: 2017年08月29日
《考研英語考試大綱解析》中明確指出:“考生應能掌握5500左右的詞匯及相關詞組。除掌握詞匯的基本含義外,考生還應掌握詞匯之間的詞義關系,如同義詞、近義詞、反義詞等;掌握詞匯之間的搭配關系,如動詞與介詞,形容詞與介詞,形容詞與名詞等”;掌握詞匯生成的基本知識,如詞源、詞根、詞綴等。由此可見,同學們在復習單詞時,不僅要記詞更要學會去辨析,尤其對相似易混詞匯應進行重點攻克。
為了方便同學們的單詞歸納復習,萬學海文英語教研中心現(xiàn)對常見近義詞進行歸納講解。
1、blunder, error, mistake 這一組詞都表示"錯誤"。blunder n. (因為無知、疏忽犯下的)大錯,愚蠢的錯誤。
I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.這位女士由于我的問題感到很難過,我感覺到犯了一個大錯。error n.指判斷、計算或行為上的錯誤,也指智力或道義上的錯誤。
The accident was the result of human error.這事故是人為的錯誤造成的。mistake n.誤會,誤解;(粗心、遺忘所導致的)錯誤。
I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我錯拿了你的手提包。2、brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid都有"弱"的意思。brittle a.易碎的,易損壞的,通常是指堅硬的東西。
The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨頭變得脆弱,很容易骨折。fragile a.常常修飾使用時必須小心才不會破碎的東西,也引申為體弱的,虛弱的。
He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.他參加了昨晚的聚會以后,現(xiàn)在感覺有些虛弱。frail a. (指人)體弱的,虛弱的,也可以指東西易碎的。
His mother has grown old and frail.他母親已經年老體弱。crisp a.指食品的松脆;清新的,爽快的;活躍的,有生氣的,干凈利落的。
crisp biscuit松脆的餅干
The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.學生干凈利落地回答了老師的問題。invalid a.不正確的,缺乏證據(jù)的;無效的,作廢的。作名詞時,表示病弱者,傷殘者,久病者。
Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你關于最早的人類的觀點很有意思,但是缺乏證據(jù)。
A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次嚴重的車禍使他變成了殘疾。3、boundary, border, frontier, rim, verge "邊界"意思。boundary n.邊界;界線。多指作為界線的標識物等。
The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.這道柵欄是我的地和她的地的分界線。border n.較寬的邊緣,邊界,多指兩國或兩地之間的分界處附近的邊緣地區(qū)、邊界地帶;也可以指物體的邊緣等。
We crossed the Mexican border into the USA.我們穿過墨西哥邊界進入美國境內。frontier n.邊界,邊境,邊疆,指靠近邊界(boundary)的區(qū)域;也可引申為"未開發(fā)的領域","(學術的)前沿"等。
The American West was still a frontier a century ago.一個世紀以前美國西部還是一片邊疆。She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.她是從事生物學前沿研究的生化學家。rim n.邊,邊緣,尤指圓形或近似圓形的物體的邊緣。verge n. (道路、花壇等長草的)邊緣,引申"某事即將發(fā)生之際"。
on the verge of war戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)之際4、brief, concise, curt, succinct都有"簡短的"意思。brief a.簡明扼要的,簡短的,指時間短暫,辦事利索,態(tài)度明了等;有時含有"雖短但卻不失全面"的意味。
The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.經理致了簡短的開幕詞。concise a. (文字等的)簡要、精練,常含有保留主要部分的意思。
His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.他的信寫得簡明扼要,省略掉了所有與該項工作無關的部分。curt a.三言兩語的,簡短的,常含有"草率"的意思。
He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , "I have no time for you now!"他問老板一個問題,但是老板草率的說:"我沒時間搭理你。"succinct a.簡明的,簡潔的,簡練的,尤指用詞簡練,除含有concise的意思外,還有經過壓縮的或簡化的意思。
succinct summary of the argument論點的概要5、bush, shrub, jungle
這一組詞均與樹木有關。bush n.矮樹叢。shrub n.有木莖的灌木,灌木叢。jungle n.熱帶稠密的雨林或叢林。6、certify, rectify, testify, verify形近易混詞。certify v.證明,聲稱是真的。
He certified it was his wife's handwriting.他證明那是他妻子的手跡。rectify v.改正,糾正;整頓。
He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通過改變措辭糾正了合同里的錯。testify v. (在法庭上)宣誓作證;表明。
He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.其他的證人已經被神秘地殺害,他成為這件案例中唯一可以作證的人。verify v. (用事實)證實或核實。
I verified the store's address by calling to check it.我打電話詢問,以核實商店的地址。7、compel, constrain, force, oblige都有"強迫"的意思。compel v.強迫,迫使,常表示運用權利、力量迫使對方做某事;有時也表示"別無辦法,不得不做"。
His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他臥床休息。constrain v.力勸,強迫,與compel意思相近,但更多強調內心情感(如道德、憐憫等)的強迫和限制作用,一般用于正式的場合。
As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people.他認為自己是藝術家,不必象一般人那樣要受到社會行為準則的約束。force v.強迫,迫使,暴力威脅的意味較濃,常用于被動語態(tài)。
The thief forced her to hand over the money.強盜逼迫她把錢交出來。oblige v. (因法律、習俗等)強迫,迫使,常常用于被動。
We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我們遇到紅燈時必須停車。8、complaint, disorder
這兩個詞都有"疾病"的意思。complaint n.疾病(主要指病人去看病時向醫(yī)生描述的病癥,既可以是小病、慢性病,也可以是傳染性疾病);抱怨,埋怨,不滿。
a heart complaint心臟病disorder n. (精神或肉體的)疾病(著重于身心、機能的失調、不平衡);騷亂,動亂;混亂,雜亂。
a disorder of the digestive system消化系統(tǒng)疾病9、complement, supplement,append"補充"complement n.補充,補充物,主要指補充不足使之完美。
Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.有咖喱的菜配米飯最棒。supplement n.增補,補充,補貼,主要指另外補加,增補。One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover new events.我們在報告完成一年之后,必須增補一個包含新事件的附加部分。append n.附加,添上或補充某事物(尤指文字)。
The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律師在合同后又附加了兩頁。10、component, element, factor, ingredient"組成成分"component n.零部件;(某事物的)組成部分;成分。
Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.輪胎,引擎,車身以及坐椅都是一輛汽車的零部件。element n.元素;組成部分,方面;某特定的人或群體,分子。
The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氫元素和氧元素構成了水。
He belongs to a bad element in this city.他屬于這個城市的壞分子。factor n.因素,要素,側重指原因。
Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是體育比賽成功的一個重要因素。ingredient n.原料,成分,要素。
Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黃油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。11、comprise, compose, consist, constitute, include
這一組動詞都有"組成,包含"的意思。comprise v.包含,包括,由……組成(整體);組成,構成。
Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items.我們公司的生產線是由2,500個不同的組成部分構成的。compose v.構成(整體),組成;由……組成(后接of,常用于被動語態(tài));創(chuàng)作(作曲、詩歌等)。
The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委員會主要由教師和學生家長組成。consist v.組成,構成,由……組成(后接of,常用于主動語態(tài));(后接in)在于,存在于。
The problem consists of two parts.問題由兩部分組成。
The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.這計劃的好處就在于簡單易行。constitute v.構成,組成(整體)。
Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.犯罪和非法毒品買賣是這個城市面臨的主要問題。include v.包括,包含,把……列入。
The conference delegates included representatives from abroad.大會代表中有來自海外的代表。12、concentrate, focus都有"集中"的意思。concentrate v.集中,集中精力(后接on,賓語可以是具體或抽象的東西);濃縮,壓縮。
During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.考試期間,同學們集中精力回答問題。focus v.集中(于某事物);將(注意力等)集中于……(后接on,賓語一般不是具體的東西)。
Please focus your minds on the following problem.請集中考慮以下問題。13、confinement, limitation, restraint"限制,局限"confinement n.限制,囚禁(于某地或某種境地)。
The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement.那犯人被判處單獨監(jiān)禁三個月。limitation n.限制,局限;(能力的)缺點,弱點。
That employee has limitations on what work he can do.那個雇員能做的工作有限。restraint n.克制,抑制;約束措施。
Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child.即使母親很生氣,她仍克制自己沒有向孩子大吼。14、considerable, considerate這是一對形近易混的形容詞。considerable a.相當大的,相當多的;值得考慮的。
That family owns a considerable amount of land.那個家族擁有大量的土地。considerate a.考慮周到的,體貼的,后面常跟of結構。
He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他總是很體諒別人,他很慈善并且富有同情心。15、conserve, preserve, reserve都有"保存"的意思。conserve v.保存,保藏,保護(強調節(jié)約)。
In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night.冬天,為節(jié)約能源有些人在夜里把暖氣調小。preserve v.保護;維持;保養(yǎng);防止(食物)腐敗(使不受破壞)。
The government preserves the rights of the individual person.政府保護個人的權利不受侵犯。reserve v.保留,儲備(強調為某一特殊目的);訂(座位),預定。
We are reserving these seats for my parents.我們把這些座位留給我的父母。54、continual, continuous, constant, incessant
這一組形容詞都有"不斷的,不停的"的意思。continual a.連續(xù)不斷的;頻繁的。表示時斷時續(xù)的發(fā)生。
That dog's barking is a continual annoyance.那條狗不停地叫,真是煩死人了。continuous a.不停的,連續(xù)不斷的,強調中間不停頓。
Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.我們的家庭以及辦公室需要不間斷的供電。constant a.不斷的,經常的,強調始終如一地經常出現(xiàn)。
Everything in the universe is in constant motion.宇宙中的萬物都在不斷地運動。incessant a.不停的,持續(xù)不斷的,強調令人厭煩地重復出現(xiàn),中間有可能有停頓。
Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.持續(xù)不斷的噪聲騷擾使我喜歡安靜的環(huán)境。16、convert, invert, revert, transform都有"轉變"的意思。convert v.轉變,變換,含有"使某人改變觀點"的意思。 He wants to convert to Catholicism.他要皈依天主教。invert v.使顛倒,使倒轉,使反向。常常表示位置、順序、方向等的顛倒。
The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.嬰兒把杯子打翻,弄灑了里面的橙汁。revert v.歸還,恢復原狀。指回到原來的狀態(tài)或情形。
John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John.約翰送給他的哥哥一所房子,當他的哥哥去世后,房子的所有權重新歸于約翰。transform v.改變,轉變,指形狀、顏色、大小、性質等的改變。
A little paint will soon transform the old house.刷一點油漆很快就會使這所舊房子大為改觀。17、credible, credulous, plausible都有"可信的"意思。credible a.可信的,可靠的。
That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick.那個學生跟老師講了實情,她沒來上課是因為她病了。credulous a.輕信的,易于相信的。
She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money.她很容易輕信別人,竟然聽信那個銷售員的話以高價買了那輛車。plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)。常帶有懷疑的意思。
Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced.雖然這個解釋合理,但仍不可能使我完全相信。18、decline, refuse, reject, deny都有"拒絕"的意思。decline v.婉言拒絕,謝絕,相當于refuse politely,主要用于拒絕有關社交活動的邀請或要求幫助的請求,后接名詞或動詞不定式,主語只能是人。
I invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀請她和我們在一起,可是她婉言謝絕了。refuse v.是比較普通的用詞,表示"拒絕",含有非常堅決地、不客氣地拒絕的意思。reject v.拋棄,不采納,主語可以是人或物,后接名詞,不能接動詞不定式。
He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次約她去看電影,但每一次都被拒絕。deny v.否認,否定,其后可接名詞,代詞或that從句。
The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court.被告在法庭上否認了對他的指控。
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