實例解析托福閱讀的正誤判斷題

正誤判斷題(true or false)是考查讀者根據(jù)文章中闡明的信息，判斷什么信息是正確的，什么信息是錯誤的或文章中沒有提到的?？忌娜蝿?wù)是在文章中找到相關(guān)信息，從而證實四個選項中有三個是正確的，并且/或者有一個選項是錯誤的。

例題：

…although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the “applied arts.” approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters, and supports. there is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. the applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. these laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. if a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense…

the passage discusses applied-art objects in relation to all of the following except

a. the techniques used in their construction

b. the ways they have been classified

c. their function

d. the universality of the laws that govern them

[解析] 正誤判斷題實際上也是在考察考生理解文章主要信息的能力，從這一點來講是與factual information(事實信息題)相似的，兩種題型存在的差異就在于正誤判斷題是要求考生從四個選項中篩選出與文章不符或文章中沒有提到的信息.仔細(xì)閱讀這一段，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這一段主要是在討論1，在過去，人們常常是根據(jù)功能來區(qū)分手工藝術(shù)品的，從而產(chǎn)生了“applied arts(應(yīng)用藝術(shù)品)”這一概念;2，從功能的角度來區(qū)分手工藝術(shù)品，可以把它們分為收納物(container)、遮蔽物(shelter)、支撐物(support);3，應(yīng)用藝術(shù)品受到laws of physics的限定，不僅限定了制作這些藝術(shù)品的材料也限定了他們所收納的、遮蔽的、支撐的物體。這些laws是防止四海皆準(zhǔn)的，在任何文化信仰、世界的任何地方和任何一種氣候條件都是一樣的。比如如果一個沒有底的罐子或是一個在旁邊開口的罐子，就很難被定一位是收納物。 整個段落都沒有提及建造這些藝術(shù)品所使用的技術(shù)，所以a是文章中沒有提到的，為正確答案。

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