考研大作文到底要comment什么？

從2000年以來，考研大作文的命題形式逐步固定，即要求考生根據(jù)一幅漫畫（或照片）寫一篇160–200字的議論文。題目的Directions經(jīng)常要求考生give your comment。一般而言，這個comment就是這篇作文的重點，也是主體段的主要內(nèi)容。但問題在于：到底要comment什么？遍觀坊間的考研作文輔導(dǎo)書，幾乎無一例外地都是就圖論圖，用大量筆墨把圖畫描述和解釋一番。對于這種寫法，筆者不敢茍同。

我們認為：第一，考研作文漫畫（或照片）的寓意一目了然，主體段根本沒有必要長篇大論地解釋圖畫（在首段中簡潔地描述圖畫、點明寓意即可），這種解釋只能使作文的內(nèi)容流于膚淺。第二，這種解釋往往天馬行空，漫無邊際，毫無規(guī)律可循。因此，學(xué)生看了這樣的范文還是不得寫作要領(lǐng)。

我們認為，考研作文主體段的comment應(yīng)當(dāng)向深處挖掘：或者深入分析漫畫中所揭示的現(xiàn)象的社會影響，或者分析該現(xiàn)象背后的原因。這種寫法有兩個優(yōu)點：一是能夠?qū)懗鏊枷肷疃?，不至于就圖論圖；更重要的是，無論是分析原因還是分析影響，都可以用分類列舉的方法展開主體段。這樣就簡化了主體段的寫作，條理清晰，具有很強的可操作性，考生很容易上手。以2009年考研大作文題目為例：

Directions: Write an essay of 160 --- 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
（漫畫）
這幅漫畫的寓意一目了然：網(wǎng)絡(luò)改變了人們的交際方式。所以，本文的主體段無需再解釋圖中的蜘蛛網(wǎng)代表什么，小房間代表什么，也無需描述圖中人物的情態(tài)。本文的主體段宜往深處開掘，從正、反兩個方面comment網(wǎng)絡(luò)對人們的交往能力的影響。如下例：
Internet, the most wonderful invention of the 20th century, separates us as well as brings us together. As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, a group of netizens are busy socializing online. But in the real world, they are separated from each other by insurmountable walls.
As is often remarked, online socialization has been a double-edged sword for people’s social skills. On the one hand, Internet is an effective tool for enhancing people’s already existing social skills. Internet links people as never before. Thanks to social networking websites, people scattered all over the globe can get in touch instantly. All they need to do is a few keystrokes. On the other hand, Internet dependency has exerted a negative influence on users’ social skills. A recent study conducted by Fudan University finds that freshmen of the university are not as quick to befriend their peers as they used to be. The culprit, it finds, is the Internet. Many students, who can chat for hours on instant messenger, can barely form a coherent sentence in the face-to-face setting, the study finds.
As I view the matter, Internet helps us to socialize with others. But it shouldn't be used to the exclusion of other ways of socialization. In order for us to be skilled communicators, there should be a balance of online and face-to-face interaction.

本文首段的第一句揭示漫畫寓意，第二、三句簡要地描述漫畫內(nèi)容。主體段從積極和消極兩個方面分析了網(wǎng)絡(luò)交流對人們的交際能力的影響（暗合題目中的“近”與“遠”）。結(jié)尾段簡潔地提出了解決這一問題的建議，屬于建議型結(jié)尾。

除了分析影響，本文的主體段還可以從分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)交際流行的原因的角度進行comment，如下例：

Internet, the most wonderful invention of the 20th century, has revolutionized the way we communicate with others. As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, a group of netizens are busy socializing online. But in real world, they are separated from each other by insurmountable walls.
The present popularity of online socialization can be accounted for by its speed and convenience. First, Internet enables people who are geographically distant from each other to get in touch instantly. Thanks to E-mail, MSN or ICQ, talking to a friend is only a click away. We used to have to spend hours writing our loved ones letters with a pen and paper. Now we can hop on the Internet and email in 5 minutes or less. Second, Internet proves to be a convenient way to socialize. For example, many, who cannot express themselves verbally, turn online to show how they feel towards their loved ones. The sweet nothings can make their loved ones smile, because they know that they are cared for.
As I see it, there is no need to panic over the popularity of online socializing. Since the dawn of civilization, humans have been embracing new socialization methods. Just like letters, telephones, telegrams have not diminished real-life socialization, email, MSN or ICQ will only complement face-to-face interaction, rather than damage it.

本文的首段依然是描述圖畫，揭示圖旨，但主體段是從分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)交際流行的兩個原因（快捷、方便）的角度展開。結(jié)尾段得出結(jié)論：我們無需為網(wǎng)絡(luò)交際的流行而感到驚慌，它不會有損于面對面的交流，而只會互相取長補短。

總之，主體段是考研大作文的重心所在，主體段寫好，則作文大局定矣。筆者建議，只要漫畫揭示的是某種社會現(xiàn)象，考生都可以從分析其原因或者分析其影響的角度進行comment。這種寫法可以讓考生在構(gòu)思素材時有明確的方向（找原因或影響），在動筆寫作時有章可依（分類列舉）。相反，考生如果在主體段里只是就圖論圖，不但文章內(nèi)容膚淺，還會陷入想到哪兒寫到哪兒、寫到哪兒算哪兒、最終不知所云的困境。

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