如何從出題人角度看托福閱讀細節(jié)題

托福閱讀細節(jié)題就是把托福閱讀中的某一個信息摘出來，問大家在文章中這句信息的具體展現形式。考察的是考生對于文章中細節(jié)信息的把握。大部分考生可以根據題干中的某些特定概念來尋找到細節(jié)信息所在位置，然后對比選項和原文來得出結果。

托福閱讀最值得大家關注的是它的出題過程?？脊偃绾芜x擇適當的位置來出題呢?

據資深的托福閱讀老師分析，托福閱讀細節(jié)題的出題有一些規(guī)律：同義改寫。即考試出題者現在文章中找到一個句群，這個句群的意思就是這句話可以表達完整一個說法。出題者要先將這句話進行同義改寫的處理，然后將這句話在某個部分分成兩份，一部分放在題干中，另一部分放在選項中。這樣的出題方式給大家的解題帶來的障礙就是：首先要找到這個句群;然后要看清楚選項對原句的改寫。

所以大家也能清楚為什么不管是什么來源的托福閱讀細節(jié)題解題策略，都會是定位—核對的解題流程。為了讓大家更加清楚上面的分析，下面小編為大家?guī)硪粋€例子。

Paragraph 4: The astrolabe had long been the primary instrument for navigation, having been introduced in the eleventh century. It operated by measuring the height of the Sun and the fixed stars: by calculating the angles created by these points, it determined the degree of latitude at which one stood (The problem of determining longitude, though, was not solved until the eighteenth century.) By the early thirteenth century. Western Europeans had also developed and put into use the magnetic compass, which helped when clouds obliterated both the Sun and the stars. Also beginning in the thirteenth century, there were new maps refined by precise calculations and the reports of sailors that made it possible to trace one's path with reasonable accuracy. Certain institutional and practical norms had become established as well. A maritime code known as the Consulate of the Sea, which originated in the western Mediterranean region in the fourteenth century, won acceptance by a majority of sea goers as the normative code for maritime conduct; it defined such matters as the authority of a ship's officers, protocols of command, pay structures, the rights of sailors, and the rules of engagement when ships met one another on the sea-lanes. Thus by about 1400 the key elements were in place to enable Europe to begin its seaward adventure.

According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the maritime code developed in Europe in the fourteenth century?

○It mapped out lanes in the seas for trading ships to follow.

○It defined the ways in which people should behave at sea.

○It replaced an earlier code that could not be adapted to the sea trade with the East.

○It gave instructions on how to navigate a ship.

解析：根據關鍵詞“maritime code”定位到段落倒數第二句話“A maritime code known as the Consulate of the Sea, which originated in the western Mediterranean region in the fourteenth century, won acceptance by a majority of sea goers as the normative code for maritime conduct”這個句群說明了maritime code的作用，題干中只提到了概念maritime code，正確選項B中則是原句maritime conduct的同義改寫the ways in which people should behave at sea。

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