雅思閱讀：劍橋雅思長難句分析

   　1. The scent she carried in her samples and on her body was a message tothe other bees that this was the one they were looking for.(劍4, General TrainingTest B section 3)

　　分析：本句的主句為“The scent was a message to the other bees”;“she carried in hersamples and on her body”為定語從句，做The scent的定語，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做賓語，因此被省掉;“that this wasthe one they were looking for”為that引導的同位語從句，做a message的同位語;“they were lookingfor”為定語從句，做the one的定語，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做for的賓語，因此被省掉。

　　2. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about howbees communicate and, in doing so, revolutionize the study of animal behaviorgenerally.(劍4, General Training Test B section 3)

　　分析：本句的主句為“he would also discover a number of other remarkable factsabout…and revolutionize the study of animal behavior generally”;“how beescommunicate”為how引導的賓語從句，做介詞about的賓語。

　　3. There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of thesebeing a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray,published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usual Englishwords'.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句主句“There had been dictionaries”;“the first of these being a littlebook of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usual Englishwords'”為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其中“compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray”和“published in 1604 underthe title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usual English words'”均為過去分詞短語作定語，做alittle book的定語。

　　4. It is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of aneighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, shouldhave published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middleclass.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句的主句為“It is highly appropriate that… ”,其中it為形式主語，真正的主語為that引導的主語從句，即“that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of aneighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, shouldhave published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middleclass”;在主語從句中“the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man”為Dr SamuelJohnson的同位語，“as famous in his own time as in ours”為Dr Samuel Johnson的定語。

　　5. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout thelate seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical.(劍5,Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句的主句為“His approach to the problems was intensely practical”;“that hadworried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenthcenturies”為定語從句，做the problems的定語，關(guān)系詞為that。

　　6. He was to be paid ￡1,575 in installments, and from this he took money torent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop'.(劍5, Test 1passage 1)

　　分析：本句為并列句，“He was to be paid ￡1,575 in installments”和“from this he tookmoney to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his ‘dictionaryworkshop'.”并列，由and連接;“in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop'.”為定語從句，做17Gough Square的定語，關(guān)系詞為which。

　　7. James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson workedas ‘fitted up like a counting house' with a long desk running down the middle atwhich the copying clerks would work standing up.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句主句為“James Boswell described the garret as ‘fitted up like a countinghouse' with a long desk.”;“his biographer”為James Boswell的同位語;“where Johnsonworked”為定語從句，做the garret的定語，關(guān)系詞為where; “running down the middle”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語，做along desk的定語;“at which the copying clerks would work standing up”為定語從句，做longdesk的定語，關(guān)系詞為which。

　　8. He was also helped by six assistants, two of whom died whilst thedictionary was still in preparation.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句主句為“He was also helped by six assistants”;“two of whom died whilst thedictionary was still in preparation”為定語從句，做sixassistants的定語，關(guān)系詞為whom;在定語從句中，“whilst the dictionary was still inpreparation”為whilst引導的時間狀語從句。

　　9. The fact that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matchedthem (everyone knew that forty French academics had taken forty years to producethe first French national dictionary) was cause for much Englishcelebration.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句的主句為“The fact was cause for much English celebration”;“that Johnsonhad taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them”為that引導的同位語從句，做Thefact的同位語;括號中部分起到解釋說明的作用。

　　10. A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbingexperiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructionsgiven by a ‘leader' in a situation in which the subjects night feel a personaldistaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.(劍5, Test 1 passage2)

　　分析：本句主句為“Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from allwalks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a ‘leader' ina situation”;“A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbingexperiments in behavioural psychology”為狀語;“in which the subjects night feel apersonal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform”為定語從句，做asituation的定語，關(guān)系詞為which, 其中“they were called upon to perform”也為定語從句，做theactions的定語，關(guān)系詞在該定語從句中做賓語，因此被省掉。

　　11. Milgram told each volunteer ‘teacher-subject' that the experiment wasin the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or notpunishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil'sability to learn.(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

　　分析：本句的主句為“Milgram told each volunteer ‘teacher-subject' that…”;“that theexperiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whetheror not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on thepupil's ability to learn.”為賓語從句，做動詞told的賓語;“whether or not punishing pupils fortheir mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil's ability tolearn”為whether引導的賓語從句，做test的賓語。

      文章來源：

      新東方雅思培訓