雅思聽力特殊小詞之BUT

下面將為考生們分析一個(gè)小詞——BUT，它在雅思聽力中的重要性不亞于AND，也同樣非常容易被忽略，因此需要我們加倍小心。

重要性

轉(zhuǎn)折

But在雅思考試句子中的出現(xiàn)頻率非常高，在大多數(shù)情況下用作并列連詞連接，連接兩個(gè)并列的分句或兩個(gè)并列的成分，在意思上BUT表示轉(zhuǎn)折，翻譯為“但是”，“可是”。如：

A real find for our patients has been the shock-absorbing shoe insert. Acheap but very effective solution. (劍3 Test1 Section4后面縮寫為：3-1-4)

Sometimes there's simple fix such as changing the guy at the top. ... But amore ambitious approach ... would be to alter ... (5-4-3)

這邊表示的是含義的轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)往往是放在BUT的后面。因此往往會(huì)是聽力中的考點(diǎn)，我們需要在雅思聽力過程中留意去聽取。

What does Karin think the company will do?

A. Look for private investors

B. Accept a takeover offer

C. Issue some new shares

Audio Scripts: ... They have the choice of accepting the very favorableterms that another company ... have given them to buy them out. ... Or theycould ... offer some new shares if they wanted. But I ... expect they will starttrying to find individuals who'd be prepared to back them with some of thecapital they need. (5-4-3)

此題我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)A,B,C都有提及，并且都做了同義詞互換，因此在雅思聽力中有較大的負(fù)擔(dān)。不過BUT的出現(xiàn)卻能夠幫助我們解題。這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)后面就是答案，這樣我們就很快的定位到了答案句。當(dāng)然也可以通過排除法來(lái)做題，也就是but前面都是錯(cuò)的，排除B和C同樣也能很快知道答案A。

還有一種情況是出現(xiàn)在固定短語(yǔ)not only ... but also ...中，這是一組關(guān)聯(lián)并列連詞，表示其所連接的成份在意義上后一項(xiàng)對(duì)前一項(xiàng)的補(bǔ)充和引申，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)在后一項(xiàng)上，意思是“不但……而且……”。如，

Not only is he interested in the subject but also all his students arebeginning to show interested in it.

有時(shí)候，but和also可以被分隔使用，如：

Of course they bring different ideas, but it's also their attitudes ...(7-1-3)

個(gè)別時(shí)候甚至可以將also省略，不過意思還是一樣的

During times of change they should be thinking not only about the strain ontheir staff but take time out to think of themselves. (7-1-3)

此時(shí)意義類似于and，因此前后兩句都很重要，都有可能是考點(diǎn)，需要同等注意。

同義互換

BUT往往不會(huì)在試卷上出現(xiàn)，因此我們不需要過分關(guān)注它與其他詞語(yǔ)之間的互換。但是同樣表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(yǔ)卻有不少，同樣也是我們需要關(guān)注的。

However:

Videos, however, are ideal for use with everyone present in the class...(2-3-3)

Whereas:

Asiatic lions also have a long fold of skin on the undersides, whereas notmany African lions have this. (6-4-4)

Nevertheless:

Nevertheless, when you start out and particularly when you're going for aninterview, it's important not to confuse people ...(IELTS plus Test 3 Section4)

這些詞語(yǔ)雖然都表示轉(zhuǎn)折的意思，但是相對(duì)于but來(lái)說(shuō)都屬于生難詞匯，尤其是在聽力過程中，往往無(wú)法能夠聽懂這些詞語(yǔ);另外由于這些詞語(yǔ)都較長(zhǎng)并且一般后面都會(huì)有一定的停頓時(shí)間，在聽力中聽到并不難。因此在聽力過程中出現(xiàn)頻率并不是很高。

難點(diǎn)

語(yǔ)音難點(diǎn)

既然BUT這么重要，并且出現(xiàn)頻率也很高，那么在聽力過程中會(huì)有什么問題呢?分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，首先，和AND一樣，BUT本身只是連詞，并不是說(shuō)話的重點(diǎn)，因此在說(shuō)話的過程中，這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)并不會(huì)完全讀成/b^t/，而是會(huì)弱化為/b?t/;其次，由于BUT是由爆破音/t/結(jié)尾，因此如果后面的詞是輔音這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)就會(huì)爆破，此時(shí)BUT僅僅讀作/b?/。這樣遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)加大了聽出這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的可能性，自然也很難能定位到后面的重要的話。

Testing and evaluation

Quick feedback from oral presentation.

Marking criteria for oral presentations known in advance.

Too much ______

Audio Scripts:... at lease we've done the oral presentation ... I got myfeedback really quickly ... We knew the criteria ... but I'm not so sure aboutthe written work. One thing I think is that there's just too much, it's reallystressful. (5-3-3)

此題有相當(dāng)難度，因?yàn)榭涨暗膖oo much是在很后面才出現(xiàn)，聽到了這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)時(shí)答案已經(jīng)不知所蹤了。此題可以通過前面幾句的名詞oralpresentation, feedback,criteria來(lái)定位，然后BUT的出現(xiàn)也就預(yù)示了答案的到來(lái)。但是這個(gè)題目中BUT讀的非常弱，非常容易聽漏。

總的來(lái)說(shuō)，提醒考生們，在表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞中BUT的出現(xiàn)頻率是最高的，而且BUT之后往往是非常重要的語(yǔ)句，也就是答案句所在。要注意的是BUT會(huì)弱讀，需要重點(diǎn)練習(xí)對(duì)這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的敏感度。