發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2017年04月24日
英語的復(fù)合句一般分為三大類型:名詞性從句、形容詞性從句和副詞性從句。
(一) 名詞性從句
在整個(gè)復(fù)合句中起名詞作用,充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和同位語等的各種從句,統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。名詞性從句主要有以下幾種:
1. that 引導(dǎo)的從句 e.g. It is reported that one third of Guangzhou citizens plan to buy a private car. (據(jù)報(bào)道,三分之一的廣州市民打算購(gòu)買私家車。)
2. whether/if 引導(dǎo)的從句 e.g. Whether motorcycles should be banned in Guangzhou has become an issue of controversy.(廣州是否禁摩托車成了有爭(zhēng)議的話題。)
3. how/why/when/where引導(dǎo)的從句 e.g. This essay aims to explore why so many white collar workers suffer from insomnia. (本文將探討為什么這么多白領(lǐng)失眠的原因。)
4. who/whom/whose/what/which引導(dǎo)的從句 e.g. Who should be responsible for the environmental degradation is still unknown.(誰對(duì)環(huán)境惡化負(fù)責(zé)還不清楚。)
(二) 形容詞性從句
具有形容詞功能,在復(fù)合句中做定語的從句被稱之為形容詞性從句或定語從句。被修飾的名詞、詞組或代詞被稱為先行詞。形容詞性從句分為兩種類型:
(1)由關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, that, which, as引導(dǎo)的從句。 例如: People who are strongly against human cloning claim that it is immoral and unethical. (強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)克隆人的人們認(rèn)為這樣做不道德和不合倫理)
(2)由關(guān)系副詞when, where, why引導(dǎo)的從句。例如: I would like to analyze the reasons why a growing number of teenagers are addicted to gambling.(我將分析為什么越來越多的青少年沉迷于賭博的原因。)
(三) 副詞性從句
副詞性從句也稱為狀語從句,主要用來修飾主句或者主句的謂語。大致分為九大類,分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。
(1)時(shí)間狀語從句 e.g. When everyone is fully aware of the severity of fresh water scarcity and takes effective measures, I am convinced that we will tackle this problem constructively.(當(dāng)每個(gè)人充分意識(shí)到淡水短缺的嚴(yán)重性,并采取有效措施,我相信我們一定能妥善解決好這個(gè)問題。)
(2) 地點(diǎn)狀語從句 e.g. Where there is smoke, there is fire.(無風(fēng)不起浪)
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