發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2017年04月18日
一、概念
主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語為動(dòng)作的承受者?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,但主語為動(dòng)作的承受者,表示“……已經(jīng)被……”。如:
The new school has been set up. 新學(xué)校已經(jīng)建成了。
二、形式
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的肯定式為:have/ has been done。如:
The experiment has been done successfully. 這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)做得很成功。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定式為:have/ has not been done。如:
Tom’s novel has not been published. 湯姆的小說還沒有被出版。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句需將have /has提到主語的前面。如:
Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行車修好了嗎?
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊疑問句為:疑問詞 have /has been done? 如:
Who has been invited? 誰受到了邀請?
三、注意
在使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要注意以下四點(diǎn):
1. 過去分詞前的助動(dòng)詞的形式是have /has been,不可漏掉其中的任何一個(gè)。
【誤】Many new buildings been built since 1980.
【正】Many new buildings have been built since 1980.
【析】謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu)不全,時(shí)態(tài)部分不完整。
2. 必須表示被動(dòng)。如:
【誤】Something bad has been happened to him.
【正】Something bad has happened to him.
【析】被動(dòng)語態(tài)誤用。happen為不及物動(dòng)詞,不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
【誤】The door has been opened of itself.
【正】The door has opened of itself.
【析】有些動(dòng)詞如open,break,drop等既可以作及物動(dòng)詞,又可以作不及物動(dòng)詞,若不強(qiáng)調(diào)誰是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,我們通常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。of itself意思是“自動(dòng)地”,因此,此句不可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
【誤】I have introduced to Mr Smith.
【正】I have been introduced to Mr Smith (by Mr Wang).
【析】introduce為及物動(dòng)詞,I是introduce動(dòng)作的承受者,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
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