考研英語真題閱讀詳解

Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic。
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him。” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise。
For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes。

Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert。
One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization?！?But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract。
`譯文：
紐約愛樂樂團決定聘請Alan Gilbert作為下一任的音樂總監(jiān)，這從2009年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音樂界引起了熱議。別的不說，大部分人的反應是積極的?！昂冒?，終于好了！” Anthony Tommasini寫道，他可是一個以嚴肅著稱的古典音樂評論家。
但是，這個任命之所以一起人們驚訝的原因卻是Gilbert相對而言并不是很有名。甚至在時代雜志上發(fā)文支持Gilbert任命的Tommasini都稱其為：低調的音樂家，在他身上找不到那種飛揚跋扈的指揮家的氣質。紐約愛樂樂團迄今為止都是由像Gustav Mahler(古斯塔夫?馬勒)和Pierre Boulez布列茲那樣的音樂家領導的。這樣去描述這個樂團的下一位指揮，至少對于時代的讀者而言，這是一種蒼白的表揚。
就我看來，我不知道Gilbert是否是一個偉大的指揮家或者是一個好的指揮。但是我能確定的是，他能表現出很多有趣的樂章，但是我卻應該不會去Avery Fisher Hall或者其他地方去聽一場有趣的交響樂演出。我要做的事情就是去我的CD架上，或者打開的我的電腦從ITUNES上下載更多的唱片。
那些忠實的音樂會觀眾會講唱片并不能代替現場的演出，但是他們忽略了一些事情。當下為了獲得藝術愛好者的錢，時間，關注度，古典音樂的演奏家們(其實就是指交響樂團，同意復述)不僅要和劇院，舞蹈隊，演出公司和博物館競爭，而且還需要和那些記錄了20世紀的偉大的古典音樂演奏者表演的唱片競爭。唱片很便宜，那里都能買到，并且比現在很多現場音樂會的藝術質量要高。進一步的講，聽眾能選擇聽唱片的時間和地點。這些到處可以獲得的唱片給傳統(tǒng)的演出機構帶來了危機。
對于古典音樂演奏者而言，他們可能的一個回應就是排練出唱片上沒有的曲目。Gilbert對新音樂興趣已經被廣泛的關注了：Alex Ross，一名古典音樂的批評家，就這樣描述道：他能夠把愛樂樂團變成一個完全不同，更加有活力的組織。但是那種不同的性質也是什么呢？可能僅僅增加樂團演出的曲目是不夠的，如果Gilbert和他的樂團要進步的話，他們就必須首先改變美國最古老的樂團(就是紐約愛樂樂團)同他們想吸引的新觀眾間的關系。
文章分析：
這篇文章來自Commentary 2007年9月刊的一篇文章Selling Classical Music by TERRY TEACHOUT。這個雜志可以說知名度并不高，這可以看出命題人的出題指向性，反反命題的傾向很嚴重。以前的經濟學人，今年只有在B節(jié)入選。這篇文章的體裁是議論文。第一二段都是一個引入。三段提出了作者的觀點。四段和五段是對于三段觀點進一步的遞進和展開。而在第一個第二段中是不同的人對于新任指揮的看法。所以閱讀考研文章沒有什么復雜的就是關注觀點！分清論點和論據！
試題分析
21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has      。
[A]incurred criticism.                        [B]raised suspicion。
[C]received acclaim.                        [D]aroused curiosity。
解析：這個題目相對簡單，文章在首段首句有這么一句話：　The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.  紐約愛樂樂團決定聘請Alan Gilbert作為下一任的音樂總監(jiān)，這從2009年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音樂界引起了熱議。從這句話可以看出，人們對Gilbert’s appointment是眾說紛紜，充滿了一探究竟的氣氛，所以這道題目的答案為D.
22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is
[A]influential.                            [B]modest。
[C]respectable.                        [D]talented。
解析：這個題目關鍵就是要學會對論點和論據的敏感：Tommasini是個具體的人提他是有目的的。問他的看法，你可以直接看這樣一句：“an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him。”但是這樣的句子中的：unpretentious和formidable屬于難詞，真正知道其詞義的同學不多，無法直接得出答案 而這個句子在段落中和第一句是一個遞進的關系，他是進一步說明第一句的：One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known。這個句子難度不大。這個人相對來講名氣不大。A,C,D 都無從談起了。只有modest和這個名氣大不大能相關。
23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers
[A]ignore the expenses of live performances。
[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances。
[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances。
[D]overestimate the value of live performances。
解析：作者的觀點：The author believes，這個是在關注定位詞devoted concertgoers后的另外一個關鍵點；作者認為concertgoers miss the point;但具體是什么，需要看選項了。A ,忽略了現場演奏的費用，B,拒絕大多數的唱片演奏。這兩個是沒有根據的屬于未提及選項。C有一定的干擾性：the variety of live performances，二段中是有variety 這個單詞的，并且在段落中出現了好多并列的成分，這樣對于很多沒有讀懂原文的同學其實是會產生視覺干擾的。但是the value of live performances這個賓語和動詞是沒有原文依據的。最后一個選項之所以正確是由于：作者在一直說唱片的好，而前面又說concertgoers認為現場演奏不會被唱片代替。這樣就是論點上的正話反說了。通過排除法我們直接可以把答案定位到最后一個：高估了現場表演的價值。
24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?
[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality。
[B]They are easily accessible to the general public。
[C]They help improve the quality of music。
[D]They have only covered masterpieces。
解析：這是一道典型的細節(jié)題，通過題干中的關鍵詞：recordings定位到倒數第二段：These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert。一連串的描述就是B。干擾項是C : They help improve the quality of music。聽Kevin的分析主謂賓，回文章中定位你會發(fā)現，文章中說的是唱片中的表演的質量要比現在的好，但是并沒有說：help improve the quality of music。 [A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality。和原文表述相反。[D]They have only covered masterpieces。原文沒有提及。而且only的表意太絕對了。
25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels
[A]doubtful.                            [B]enthusiastic。
[C]confident.                            [D]puzzled。
解析：問作者的態(tài)度，主體是作者，對象是Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic從具體表述出發(fā)尋找相應的態(tài)度表達詞：But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough。一個but ,一個？，一個not就把這種不確定性給出來了。于是這就是選A doubtful。
Text 2
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company?！?Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.
McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations。
As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders。
The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn Ferry， senior partner Dennis Carey :“I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first。”
Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana when the business became part of PepsiCo (PEP) a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later。
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long?！?br /> 譯文：
當八月份，Liam McGee以總裁的身份從美國銀行離職的時候，他的解釋出人意料的直白。他沒有忸怩的用平常的模糊的理由來遮掩他的離開，他很坦誠的講他離開就是為了去追求他經營一家公司的目標。McGee說宣揚自己的目標就是自己的決定。兩周后，他第一次和Hartford Financial Services Group的董事會第一次會談，這家公司在9月29日提名他為董事會主席和CEO。
他說在離開的時候并沒有找好后面的職位(下家)，使他有時間去反思他到底想去經營一家什么樣的公司。這同時也就他的激情和決心，給了外界一個清晰的信號。這樣做的并不只是McGee一個人。最近幾周，Avon and American Express的一些高級經理離職并解釋說想需找一個CEO的職位。當董事會迫于股東的壓力對一系列的計劃進行審查的時候，那些計劃被否定掉的經理們也會想離開。激烈的商業(yè)環(huán)境同樣使得高級經理很小心，模糊的表態(tài)可能會破壞他們的聲譽。
當經濟復蘇的標志開始確定的時候，二把手們可能更愿意在沒有網(新的工作)情況下?lián)Q工作。第三季度，根據Liberum的調查，CEO的更迭和一年前相比減少了23%，這是由于緊張的董事會緊盯著他們的CEO們。隨著經濟的復蘇和好轉，對有理想的頭兒們，機會是很多的。
離開高管的職位去尋找一個更好的職位，并不是傳統(tǒng)的做法。多年以來，經理們和獵頭們都認同這樣一個原則：最有吸引力的CEO的競爭是那些需要去挖來的人。Korn Ferry， senior partner Dennis Carey說道：我所做的每一次的招聘中，董事會都要求我從那些在任的CEO中尋找人選。
那些沒有找到工作就離開的人并不是很快就能找到頂級的職位。10年前，Tropicana被PepsiCo (PEP)收購了，她以經理的身份離職了，她說他想當CEO。但是花了一年的時間她才成為一家小型互聯(lián)網交換公司的頭。2005年Robert Willumstad帶著想成為CEO的夢想離開了Citigroup。可是三年后他才成為了一家主要的金融機構的CEO。
很多招聘的人都說對于高管而言，過去認為的丟臉的感覺(沒有工作)已經慢慢消失了。金融危機已經使得跳槽，離開一個不好的工作變得更加可以接受了。一個獵頭就說到： “傳統(tǒng)的規(guī)則是待在你原來的地方會更加安全，但是現在已經徹底改變了. 那些受傷最厲害的就是那里在一個地方待太久的人。”
文章分析：
這篇文章來自：Business Week 商業(yè)周刊 2009年11月5日，Top Managers Are Quitting, Without a New Job  by Jena McGregor：頂級經理人在離職，新工作還沒著落。
文章從Liam McGee的跳槽為引子開始，引出第二段中跳槽的人很多。第三段進一步的講金融危機會引起更多的人跳槽。四段和五段回顧過去。六段回到現在。借別人的嘴強化觀點：就是該跳，并且要“裸跳”，在沒有找到下家就跳?！奥闾辈粊G人。
26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being
[A]arrogant.                            [B]frank。
[C]self-centered.                        [D]impulsive。
解析：根據題干中的McGee announced his departure定位到這兩句：When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company?！?straight up是第一個線索，Rather than vague excuses答案直接可以鎖定：B. frank。
27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by
[A]their expectation of better financial status。
[B]their need to reflect on their private life。
[C]their strained relations with the boards。
[D]their pursuit of new career goals。
解析：根據題干中的關鍵詞senior executives’ quitting，尋找原因：文章中很明確的with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post。答案和原文使用了上下義詞的替換；new career goals= CEO post；也是上下義詞的替換。有干擾性最大的就是C了，后文確實提到了和board 之間的關系，但是是講在計劃不被批準的時候，并不是和董事會關系緊張。并且董事會的審查是在股東的壓力下才執(zhí)行的。
28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means
[A]approved of.                    [B]attended to。
[C]hunted for                        [D]guarded against。
解析：理解這句話：I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first。我所做的每一次的招聘中，董事會都要求我從那些在任的CEO中尋找人選。這說明那些人都是要去挖的，那么對應的單詞就是hunt for 了。
29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
[A]top performers used to cling to their posts。
[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated。
[C]top performers care more about reputations。
[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules。
解析：段落推理題。通過文章的這句話The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted。我們可以直接得出答案A。
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
[A]CEOs: Where to Go?                        [B]CEOs: All the Way Up?
[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net            [D]The Only Way Out for Top Performers
解析：強烈的干擾項是：[A]CEOs: Where to Go? [B]CEOs: All the Way Up?原因在于CEO在文中出現了很多次，同學們把CEO成了主體詞。這也是反反命題的一個體現。文章的主體詞其實是：top manager, CEO只是他們想去成為，而不是現在就是。不是主題詞。這給了我們一個啟示，要從文章的大意找結構。不要被其他的所謂技巧所迷惑。去掉A和B以后，c和d相比答案就比較容易了。只是要理解net 就是替換了new job。而原文的標題就是這樣的top Managers Are Quitting, Without a New Job。
Text 3
The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create "earned" media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. In fact，the way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing's impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media。
Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned。
The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them。
If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg。
譯文：
過去，市場營銷的成功訣竅簡而言之就是一分錢一分貨。然而時過境遷。雖然傳統(tǒng)的“付費”(paid)媒介，比如電視和廣播廣告、平面廣告和路邊廣告牌等，仍然扮演著重要角色，但企業(yè)如今還可以利用許多其他形式的媒介。比如，癡迷于某種產品的消費者，可能會樂意將之推薦給朋友，從而為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造因產品的優(yōu)良品質帶來的“無償”(earned)媒介。企業(yè)還可以利用“自有”(owned)媒介，通過郵件向其網站的注冊用戶發(fā)送產品和銷售提示。事實上，如今消費者作出購買決定的方式，意味著市場營銷的影響力來自于傳統(tǒng)付費媒介之外的廣泛因素。
營銷人員通過付費和自有媒介推銷其產品，而在“無償”媒介方面，營銷人員就像是觸發(fā)用戶響應的初始催化劑。在某些情況下，某營銷者的自有媒介會成為另一個營銷者的付費媒介。比如，當某電子商務零售商出售其網站的廣告空間時，我們就將這種“售出”媒介定義為擁有巨大流量、以致其他機構紛紛前來投放內容或電子商務引擎的自有媒介。我們認為，這種趨勢已蓬勃發(fā)端于零售商和航空、酒店等旅游供應商，雖然還處于初始階段，但無疑可以走得更遠。比如，強生公司創(chuàng)建了著名網站BabyCenter，借以推廣互補性乃至競爭性產品，而其他營銷者的出現不僅帶來了收入，還令該網站看起來公正客觀，并且使企業(yè)有機會從其他公司的營銷活動中獲得可貴的信息，最后還有助于擴大所有相關企業(yè)的用戶流量。
劇烈的技術變革使營銷人員獲得了數量更多、種類更廣的溝通選擇，但同時也帶來了更高的風險，因為激動的消費者能夠以更迅速、更明顯、更有害的方式來表達他們的意見。這就是與“無償”媒介相對的“劫持”媒介：某項資產或活動變成了對某個品牌或產品不滿的消費者、其他股東或積極分子的劫持物。比如，社交網絡用戶正領悟到，他們可以通過“劫持”媒介來對最初創(chuàng)建該媒介的企業(yè)施加壓力。
如果那種事情發(fā)生，激動的消費者試圖勸服其他人共同抵制兩家公司的產品，從而危及企業(yè)聲譽。當這種事情發(fā)生的時候，如果企業(yè)的回應不夠快或不夠好，那么就可能釀成悲劇。比如，在今年較早前發(fā)生的召回危機中，豐田汽車公司采取了較快且較有序的社交媒體回應行動，包括在Twitter和社會新聞網站Digg等網站上與客戶進行直接交流，從而挽回了部分損失。
文章分析：
這篇文章是很典型的，節(jié)選性決定了其不完整性，這篇文章的原文長度要遠遠長于節(jié)選的部分。第一段介紹了除開傳統(tǒng)的媒體之外還有新的媒體earned media 產生。第二段，Paid and owned media引出了sold media,第三段和第四段就hijacked media 提出看法，這篇文章是說明性質的議論文。還是要關注論點和論據的問題。
試題分析：
31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are
[A] obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites。
[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them。
[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products。
[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products。
解析：Consumers passionate about a product may create "earned" media by willingly promoting it to friends同義改寫了一下，把passionate about a product 和by willingly promoting it to friends變成了when they are這樣答案就直接指向了：enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products。這樣的同意改寫在表達方式上變了但是核心含義沒有發(fā)生改變還是對語言多樣性的考察,所以答案就是D
32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature
[A] a safe business environment.                    [B] random competition。
[C] strong user traffic.                             [D] flexibility in organization。
解析：根據題干關鍵詞sold media回文定位：We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment。我們就將這種“售出”媒介定義為擁有巨大流量、以致其他機構紛紛前來投放內容或電子商務引擎的自有媒介。理解清楚答案：traffic除了有交通的意思外還有流量的意思是相對關鍵的。所以答案為：C
33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media
[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers。
[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing。
[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition。
[D] deserve all the negative comments about them。
解析：回文章定位：Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media:Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them。第二句中的they can hijack media，此處的的media就是earned media 。當它被劫持后就變成了hijacked media，進而成為了earned media 的反面那就是產生不利的影響,所以答案是B.
34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of
[A] responding effectively to hijacked media。
[B] persuading customers into boycotting products。
[C] cooperating with supportive consumers。
[D] taking advantage of hijacked media。
解析：例證題，例證一定是為了某個觀點服務的,這個例子對應的觀點：In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. 當這種事情發(fā)生的時候，如果企業(yè)的回應不夠快或不夠好，那么就可能釀成悲劇。按照慣性，豐田這次就應該是釀成杯具了。但是出題人沒有給出豐田杯具了的答案，因為他們也知道這樣出題不符合常規(guī)且不人道。考生在這個時候可能會慌張，準備認真讀例子了，但是有個單詞不認識alleviated到底是表示加劇還是表示減輕呢？繼續(xù)往后看，with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign這說明他們的措施是得到的，所以應該是減輕。再回看前面的那一句：如果企業(yè)的回應不夠快或不夠好，那么就可能釀成悲劇。那么就說明豐田的例子在從好的方面例證他，也就是要是處理好了就不會有杯具。對應第一和第四個選項，兩個選項區(qū)別很明顯一個是被動回應，一個是主動利用這樣就可得出答案：A
35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?
[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media。
[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media。
[C] Dominance of hijacked media。
[D] Popularity of owned media。
解析：主旨題，這篇文章是說明性質的議論文，后面三個選項都只是涉及到文中說的一個細節(jié)，只有A中的Alternatives 包括了所有文章提到的幾種傳媒形式。
Text 4
It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight?！?br /> The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands。
In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives。

Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake。
It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston。
譯文：
毫無疑問，Jennifer Senior在有煸動意味的的雜志封面故事中表達了她的獨到見解， “我愛我的孩子們，我討厭我的生活”——這喚起了人們的談興。人們一談到養(yǎng)孩子就會覺得這是一件完全令人愉悅、生活充實的事情。Jennifer Senior沒有指出養(yǎng)孩子到底是使得父母快樂呢還是痛苦呢，她倒是認為，我們需要重新定義幸福：幸福不應該是一個個瞬間的快樂組合的可以被衡量的東西；我們應該把幸福視為一種過去式的狀態(tài)。盡管撫養(yǎng)孩子的日子漫長難熬，令人筋疲力盡，但是Jennifer Senior認為，正是那些心緒沉重的時刻，日后卻成為我們歡樂的源泉。
雜志封面上一位給力的母親抱著一個可愛的嬰兒，這種圣母與圣子(麥當娜和孩子)的圖畫這周在雜志上多次出現。例如雜志上講到最近剛收養(yǎng)孩子的母親——有時是剛變成單身母親——桑德拉布魯克，以及那種很常見的“詹尼弗阿尼斯頓懷孕了”的新聞。實際上，每周都有至少一位名人母親、或者準母親在雜志上笑迎讀者。
在一個不斷地慶祝生育的社會中，承認自己后悔生育孩子就相當于承認自己支持殺小貓，這難道不值得反思嗎？把父母的后悔與孩子的后悔相比較，這顯然并不合理。沒有人會去讓不情愿養(yǎng)孩子的父母去反思自己是否不該養(yǎng)孩子，但是那不幸福的沒有孩子的人卻為類似這樣的信息所困擾：“孩子是世上唯一最可珍惜的東西”，顯然，你們的不幸必須通過生兒育女才能得以消除。
當然，像美國周刊與人物這樣的雜志提供的名人父母的形象是非常不切實際的。特別是像Bullock這樣的單身母親時更是如此。多項研究表明，有孩子的父母很少比沒有孩子的夫婦更快樂，而單親家庭是最不快樂的。這并不奇怪，因為一個人養(yǎng)一個孩子實在太麻煩了，沒有人可以依靠。然而，你聽聽Sandra和Britney說的話：自己“一個人”養(yǎng)孩子，其實非常簡單。(她們當然覺得簡單了，因為她們是在周圍有一幫人全天侯的侯著啊。)
很難想象有的人生孩子就只是很傻很天真因為Reese和Angelina這種名流使這種行為變的很光鮮，——多數成年人其實理解：養(yǎng)孩子可不是剪頭發(fā)那樣簡單。但這確實有趣：反思一下我們每周看到的無憂無慮，幸福誘人的為人父母的生活會不會從一種微小的，無意識的方面加劇我們對于現實生活的不滿。這種方式就好像：我們有那種想成為“ the Rachel”(老友記中的單身媽媽)的心理，這種心理，使得我們看上去有點像詹尼弗安尼斯頓(Rachel 的扮演者)。
文章分析：
源自：2010年9月7日的Newsweek 題目Not On Board With Baby：Parenthood—the condition, not the TV show—sucks. Or so everyone keeps saying。這篇文章是典型的觀點議論文了。抓住觀點很重要。一二段引入，后面表明作者的觀點。
題目分析
36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring
[A]temporary delight                        [B]enjoyment in progress
[C]happiness in retrospect                    [D]lasting reward
解析：題干關鍵詞是suggest，這個題在問觀點，那我們就找觀點：在第一段Jennifer Senior兩處表明了觀點：信號詞：suggests we need to redefine happiness: we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition 和Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight。”the very things that in the moment dampen our moods=題干中的raising a child同義改寫。can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.= happiness in retrospect，這樣答案鎖定為C。
37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that
[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip。
[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention。
[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining。
[D]having children is highly valued by the public。
解析：這道題目的難度比較大，我們用排除法解題，A選項錯在gossip，文章是關于娛樂的，和流言不是一回事；B選項中的single一詞無來源依據；選項D，文章的第二段并未提到公眾對生孩子是什么態(tài)度；而文章第二段強調的是娛樂雜志瞄準了這些做母親的名人，大做文章，作為雜志的賣點，所以選C。
38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks
[A]are constantly exposed to criticism。
[B]are largely ignored by the media。
[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities。
[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life。
解析：這個題有一定的難度，根據題干中的childless folks，定位到第三段的Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives?！]有人會去讓不情愿養(yǎng)孩子的父母去反思自己是否不該養(yǎng)孩子，但是那不幸福的沒有孩子的人卻為類似這樣的信息所困擾：“孩子是世上唯一最可珍惜的東西”，顯然，你們的不幸必須通過生兒育女才能得以消除。推出D選項為正確答案。
39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is
[A]soothing.                        [B]ambiguous。
[C]compensatory.                    [D]misleading。
解析：Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic,這句話中的unrealistic 有理由讓我們覺得其他的選項都是浮云。
40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms。
[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing。
[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life。
[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing。
解析：該題是段落推理題。
[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms。
[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life。
文章中說道了我們對生活的不滿，但是有沒有講有孩子加劇了我們對生活的不滿，把句子的主干理出來就是：the images are contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience
同樣的方法和視角來處理[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing。
正確選項B 來自兩個地方：首先是but的轉折：前面說我們不會傻到由于這些明星的形象而要孩子的。那么轉折就應該是：但是我們確實受了他們的影響。這樣由轉折而起的推理在我的閱讀課堂中可以說是比比皆是。

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