托福聽(tīng)力 對(duì)于單句的理解要達(dá)到什么程度呢？

很多新托福聽(tīng)力文章都是關(guān)于“聽(tīng)什么”，即材料方面展開(kāi)的。在托福聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的開(kāi)始，同學(xué)們只要揀有興趣的材料寫(xiě)，能聽(tīng)出多少寫(xiě)多少就是了;但這個(gè)階段結(jié)束過(guò)后的下一個(gè)階段就要過(guò)度到理解層面了，因?yàn)榇蠹易龆嗔寺?tīng)寫(xiě)(dictation)之后會(huì)感覺(jué)到聽(tīng)寫(xiě)是一個(gè)很機(jī)械行為，也就是為什么很多人作了一段時(shí)間聽(tīng)寫(xiě)之后覺(jué)得沒(méi)有更深層次提高的原因;

其實(shí)并不是聽(tīng)寫(xiě)本身的問(wèn)題，聽(tīng)寫(xiě)還是要繼續(xù)下去。只是要過(guò)渡到聽(tīng)更長(zhǎng)的句子甚至兩句一起聽(tīng)，然后再出來(lái)，才能有提高。因?yàn)檫@樣的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)就涉及到了更深層次的東西：理解能力，即單句的理解。

那么單句的理解要達(dá)到一個(gè)什么樣的效果呢?

首先要知道這句話的main idea：比如Everyone will agree, he argues, that happiness is the ultimate end to be valued for itself and really only for itself. For what other purpose is there in being happy? What does it yield ? The attainment of happiness becomes the ultimate or highest good for Aristotle.此句話如果做聽(tīng)寫(xiě)會(huì)很麻煩，因?yàn)殚_(kāi)頭那個(gè)插入語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)義群都相對(duì)較長(zhǎng)：

everyone will agree/ that happiness is the ultimate end to be valued for itself，如果一般的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)會(huì)把語(yǔ)流所帶出來(lái)的邏輯打亂：這樣，考生的腦子里就會(huì)形成“每個(gè)人都知道，他(Aristotle)提出，幸福是人類(lèi)追求的最終要義……”原本流暢的一句話就這樣被切割了。但是當(dāng)我們注重一句話的main idea的時(shí)候，我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這兩句聽(tīng)完，表達(dá)的就是一個(gè)意思：幸福是人類(lèi)追求的最終成就(要義、結(jié)果……)

同理，另外一句：What that means...the general definition of sustainable is will there be enough to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future to have the availability...to have the same resources?一句話，簡(jiǎn)而言之即：不能犧牲子孫利益而尋發(fā)展。主要抓住sustainable和compromise兩個(gè)詞就能很好地理解大意;

第二，大家可以判斷一句話的感情色彩：在某些語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈的句子當(dāng)中，比如反問(wèn)句和對(duì)比性較強(qiáng)的句子，說(shuō)話者往往拿兩個(gè)事情進(jìn)行對(duì)比而得出一個(gè)答案，此時(shí)，我們只要聽(tīng)出得出的答案即可：比如，But why? why do workers and soliders have to learn self-control? Well,how can a society flourish if the workers and soliders don't control their desires and emotions?此處一個(gè)反問(wèn)句，其實(shí)表達(dá)的意思即一種：Anyway,無(wú)論如何，W和S should and must learn to control themselves。這樣也減輕了大家在聽(tīng)力的時(shí)候記憶可能過(guò)載的現(xiàn)象。

最后，大家還要根據(jù)幾句話的內(nèi)容來(lái)推測(cè)即將展開(kāi)的內(nèi)容：比如，

1. So, for Watson, thinking is identical with the activity of muscles. A related concept of thinking was developed by William James. It's called ideomoter action;接下來(lái)展開(kāi)的是ideomoter action;

2. But why? why do workers and soliders have to learn self-control? Well,how can a society flourish if the workers and soliders don't control their desires and emotions? Plato thinks if the they aren't under control, workers will sleep too much and play too much, so they're not going to get their jobs done. And soliders need to channel their high spiritedness in a certain direction, precisely by being courageous.But you are not going to get that automatically.推斷接下來(lái)要講如何使W和S能夠?qū)W會(huì)self-control的，所以接下來(lái)文章提出的education問(wèn)題才不會(huì)顯得十分突兀。

所以在進(jìn)行新托福聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的過(guò)程中，一定要注意句子本身和句子之間的銜接問(wèn)題，多思考句子的大意、感情色彩和句子間的邏輯關(guān)系的推測(cè)，這樣才能真正的做到聽(tīng)中思考，做到心中有數(shù)。

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