一、增加原文中省略的部分
（一）增補(bǔ)回答句中省略的詞語(yǔ)
Do you like sport? Yes, I do.
你喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng)嗎？是的，我喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。
Shall I bring you a dictionary or an encyclopedia? Both, please.
給你帶一本詞典來(lái)還是帶一本百科全書來(lái)？請(qǐng)把兩樣都帶來(lái)。
Are you tired? Not very.
你累了嗎？不太累。
（二）增補(bǔ)并列結(jié)構(gòu)中省略的詞語(yǔ)
We don’t retreat, we never have and never will。
我們不后退，我們從沒(méi)有后退過(guò)，將來(lái)也決不后退。（we never have and never will=we never have retreated and never will retreat）
A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.
愚人會(huì)很快忘記說(shuō)過(guò)的話，智者會(huì)很快放棄手里的錢。（a man of genius and his money=a man of genius and his money are soon parted）
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.
讀書使人充實(shí)，討論使人機(jī)智，寫作使人準(zhǔn)確。
（三）增補(bǔ)表示邏輯關(guān)系或者平衡結(jié)構(gòu)的詞語(yǔ)
Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected?
如果對(duì)自己的錯(cuò)誤都不能認(rèn)識(shí)到，怎么能指望你會(huì)悔改呢？
Suppose the preparatory work should not be completed.
假設(shè)準(zhǔn)備工作完成不了，那可怎么辦？
Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it.
因?yàn)榭諝饩哂兄亓?，所以處在空氣中的任一物體都會(huì)受到空氣的作用力
Students should learn from teachers and vice versa.
學(xué)生應(yīng)該想老師學(xué)習(xí)，老師也應(yīng)該向?qū)W生學(xué)習(xí)。
二、增加意義上或修辭上的需要上的部分
（一）增加動(dòng)詞
He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.
他沒(méi)有致閉幕辭就宣布結(jié)束會(huì)議。
He spoke hopefully of the success of the negotiation.
他滿懷希望地說(shuō)談判會(huì)取得成功。
After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting.
在觀看籃球比賽之后，主席還有一個(gè)重要會(huì)議要參加。
（二）增加形容詞或者副詞
What a leader he was!
他真是一個(gè)出類拔萃的領(lǐng)袖啊。
The crowds melted away.
人群漸漸散開了。
As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.
他一坐下來(lái)就講開了，滔滔不絕地講個(gè)沒(méi)完。
（三）增加名詞
1．在不及物動(dòng)詞后面增加名詞
Day after day he came to his work –sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.
他每天來(lái)干活——掃地，擦地板，收拾房間。
He never drinks before driving.
他開車前從不喝酒。
Aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly.
哈麗特阿姨時(shí)?？犊乜畲腿?。
2．在形容詞前增加名詞
This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
這部打字機(jī)真是價(jià)廉物美。
A new kind of aircraft—small, cheap, pilotless—is attracting increasing attention.
一種新型的飛機(jī)正越來(lái)截止引起人們的注意——這種飛機(jī)體積不大，價(jià)錢便宜，無(wú)人駕駛。
3．在抽象名詞后增加名詞
如：
to innovate革新——innovation革新措施
to evolve進(jìn)化——evolution進(jìn)化過(guò)程
to solve解決——solution解決方法
to derive推導(dǎo)——derivation推導(dǎo)過(guò)程
to persuade說(shuō)服——persuasion說(shuō)服工作
to prepare準(zhǔn)備——preparation準(zhǔn)備工作
backward落后——backwardness落后狀態(tài)
tense緊張——tension緊張局勢(shì)
arrogant自滿——arrogance自滿情緒
mad瘋狂——madness瘋狂行為
antagonistic敵對(duì)——antagonism敵對(duì)態(tài)度
redundant多余——redundancy多余信息
After all preparations were made, our meeting will begin.
一切準(zhǔn)備工作就緒以后，會(huì)議就開始。
They wanted to ease the tension in the Middle East.
他們?cè)噲D緩解中東的緊張局勢(shì)。
（四）增加表示名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞
1．增加重迭詞表示復(fù)數(shù)
Flowers bloom all over the yard.
朵朵鮮花開滿了庭院。
Newsmen went flying off to Mexico.
記者紛紛飛到墨西哥去了。
There were rows of houses which he had never seen before.
一排排的房子，都是他從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)的。
2．增加數(shù)詞或其他詞表示復(fù)數(shù)
The lion is the king of animals.
獅是百獸之王。
We have to face different problems.
我們得面對(duì)各種不同的問(wèn)題。
Mr. Hobbs didn’t talk over my suggestions with his brother until yesterday afternoon.
直到昨天下午，霍布斯先生才跟他兄弟討論了我的各項(xiàng)建議。
（五）增加表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的詞
1．對(duì)某種時(shí)間概念作強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，往往要加一些詞。
Ihad known two great social systems.
那時(shí)以前，我就經(jīng)歷過(guò)兩大社會(huì)制度。（這里除了用“過(guò)”字外，還增加了“那時(shí)以前”，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作。）
The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.
那位老人已經(jīng)教會(huì)了孩子捕魚，所以孩子很愛(ài)他。
2．強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間上的對(duì)比時(shí)，往往需要加一些詞
Man, was, is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions.
人類過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在而且將來(lái)總是在盡力改善生活條件。
I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release.
我的獲釋是他成全的，對(duì)此我過(guò)去很感激，現(xiàn)在仍然很感激。
The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird.
該高空飛機(jī)過(guò)去是現(xiàn)在仍然是一種了不起的飛機(jī)。
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