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發(fā)布時間: 2016年09月22日

職稱英語重要語法知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)(19)_職稱英語網(wǎng)校

where : 當(dāng)先行名詞在從句中當(dāng)"地點(diǎn)狀語"時,用關(guān)系副詞where連接

例如:

The crime rate rises in cities where the unemployment rate increases. (失業(yè)率高的城市犯罪率也高。) 句中的where = in cities, 表示行為發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。

這里的要點(diǎn)是能否區(qū)分是用that (which) 還是用 where, 即:是做"主語、賓表語",還是做"地點(diǎn)狀語",例如:

I love the small town that we visited last week.

句中"town"做動詞"visited"的賓語,即"參觀過的小鎮(zhèn)",故用that連接。

I love the small town where I lived during my childhood.

句中"town" 是動詞"lived"的地點(diǎn),即"童年時住過的小鎮(zhèn)",故用where.

這也是定語從句的一個考點(diǎn)。

when : 當(dāng)先行名詞在從句中當(dāng)"時間狀語"時,用關(guān)系副詞when連接, 例如:

July is the month when we have a lot of rain. (七月是多雨的月份。)

注意"when"定語從句后推的現(xiàn)象,例如:

I think (that) the day will finally come when air pollution can be put under control. (我認(rèn)為空氣污染得以控制的一天最終會來到。)

放在主句后面作非限制定語從句時(前面一般加","號),"when"一般譯為"此時","那時", 例如:

The meeting will be put off until next month, when we will have made all the preparations. (會議將推遲到下月,那時一切就準(zhǔn)備就緒了。)

另一個關(guān)系副詞是why,由于它固定與the reason搭配, 即: the reason why,不難理解,一般也不作為考試的重點(diǎn)。例如:

This is the reason why the electronic computer cannot entirely replace man. 這就是(為什么)電子計算機(jī)不能完全代替人的原因。

whose (= of which / whom):做先行詞(不管是人還是物)的定語,漢語為"…的",不要考慮是否是限制性或非限制性定語從句, 例如:

Pay attention to that boy whose temperature is very high. (理論上也可以寫成:Pay attention to that boy the temperature of whom is very high. 注意那個男孩,他的體溫很高。(非限制性) / 注意那個體溫很高的男孩。(限制性)

介詞 which (whom)

先看兩個句子:

This is the house. He has lived in the house for over 30 years.

變?yōu)椤ㄕZ從句

This is the house in which he has lived for over 30 years.

上述句子中,先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)介詞賓語,形成"介詞 which / whom"的形式,考試時要求作出1)要不要介詞;2)若要,使用什么介詞的判斷。由于英語中介詞搭配多為習(xí)慣用法,沒有多少規(guī)律可循,因此這是定語從句考試的一個難點(diǎn)。

記住四個字:瞻前顧后

瞻前:先看看先行詞一般與什么介詞搭配,例如:

There are occasions _____ which joking is not permissible.

→ Joking is not permissible _____ (certain) occasions.

常與occasion搭配的介詞是什么?on, 即:

Joking is not permissible on (certain) occasions. (有的場合是不容許開玩笑的。)

There are occasions on which joking is not permissible.

顧后:看看謂語動詞常與什么介詞搭配,例如:

This car, ____ which I paid a lot of money, is now out of date.

→ I paid a lot of money ______ this car.

Pay (money) for something 是一個固定的搭配,因此應(yīng)填介詞 "for"

當(dāng)A、B、C、D中出現(xiàn) " 介詞 which / whom" 選項(xiàng)時,而你又確實(shí)看不懂時,應(yīng)傾向于選擇" 介詞 which / whom"的形式,例如:

The two elements _____ water is made are the gases oxygen and hydrogen.

A. that

B. which

C. with which

D. of which

傾向選擇C、D;正確答案D,"be made of "(由…組成):

The two elements are gases (oxygen and hydrogen).

Water is made of the two elements.

兩個句子一合并,便是該句選擇。

(四)其他應(yīng)注意的確問題:

(1) 同位語從句只能用"that"連接

常見的同位語先行詞有:fact(事實(shí)), possibility(可能), idea(想法), belief(相信), doubt(疑問), news(消息), order(命令), promise(承諾), evidence(證據(jù)), suggestion(建議)等,例如:

Is there any possibility that all the villagers can send their children to school?(有沒有這種可能,所有村民都能送他們的孩子上學(xué)?)

There can be no doubt that he is a qualified doctor.(毫無疑問,他是個合格的醫(yī)生。)

(2) "as" 也可以做關(guān)系代詞用于連接定語從句,特別是在"such…as…", "the same as…" 以及"正如…"的結(jié)構(gòu)中,例如:

I have never seen a thing as he described. (我從未見過他所描述的那種事。)

As was expected, the performance was a great success. (正如所料,演出獲得了巨大成功。)

把該句理解為:The performance was a great success, which was expected,就比較容易理解as的這種用法。

將定語從句的連接用三句話歸納一下:

↗ 人用who / whom

(1)先行詞在從句中當(dāng)主、賓、表語 →定語用whose

↘ 物用that (= which)/ 非限制用which

↗地點(diǎn)狀語用:where

(2)先行詞在從句中當(dāng) →原因狀語(reason)用:why

↘ 時間狀語用:when

(3)介詞 which / whom結(jié)構(gòu):瞻前顧后


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