2016年托福閱讀素材：背景知識“巴黎VS霧霾”

　　Public transport was free in Paris on Monday and half of the city's cars were forced off the road in a bid to fight pollution.

　　為了對抗污染，本周一，巴黎的公共交通免費運營，半數汽車不得上路。

　　In a radical move which will be studied in other European capitals like London, French Socialists said everything had to be done to make air cleaner.

　　法國社會黨人表示要采取一切必要的手段來凈化空氣，這一稍顯激進的舉措或許會被倫敦等其他歐洲國家的首都效仿。

　　Anne Hidalgo, the mayor of Paris, said: 'I am delighted the state has agreed to put in place a partial driving ban on Monday, which I have been requesting for several days.'

　　巴黎市長，安妮·依達爾戈說道：“我很高興國家同意在周一實施部分禁駕，這個要求我已經提了好幾天了。”

　　Only vehicles with number plates ending in an odd number were allowed, with exemptions for taxis, electric cars and ambulances.

　　只有車牌尾數為單數的車輛可以在周一上路， 但是出租車，電動車以及救護車不受此限。

　　Authorities were planning to ban cars with odd numbers on Tuesday, but the scheme was halted following improving forecasts.

　　巴黎市政府本計劃周二禁止車牌尾號為單數的車輛上路，但是這一方案因隨后預報有所改善的天氣狀況而終止了。

　　Foreign visitors to Paris, including thousands of Britons on holiday, were also permitted to use their cars.

　　外國游客，包括成千上萬來巴黎度假的英國游客，也可以不受限制使用自己的車輛。

　　But police patrols were seen booking locals who flouted the ban, forcing them to return home. Meanwhile, Metro trains and buses were full to overflowing as thousands abandoned their vehicles.

　　不過，路上可見巡警將那些無視禁令的當地人記錄在案，讓他們把車開回家。與此同時，地鐵列車以及巴士也因人們不能開車而人滿為患。

　　Air quality monitors showed concentrations of potentially dangerous particulates in the Pars air were above the recommended maximum.

　　空氣質量監(jiān)測顯示，巴黎空氣中的潛在危險顆粒濃度超過了最大建議值。

　　These are created by cars and lorries, heating and heavy industry, and can potentially cause serious health problems.

　　這些顆粒物是由汽車，卡車，供熱以及重工業(yè)產生的，且可能引發(fā)嚴重的健康問題。

　　'Due to the improving situation today and tomorrow, the alternative traffic (plan) will not be renewed Tuesday,' announced Ecology Minister Segolene Royal, who took time to salute 'the good citizenship of motorists who understood the necessity of this measure.'

　　生態(tài)部長羅亞爾表示：“由于今明兩天的天氣狀況改善，汽車單雙號交替上路政策不會延續(xù)至周二，”他同時向那些理解采取該項措施的駕車者們表現出的良好公民素質表達了敬意。

　　The Airparif monitoring agency said smog density was still near alert levels Monday, but rain forecast for Tuesday was expected to clear the air.

　　空氣監(jiān)測機構表示，周一霧霾濃度仍然處于警戒水平，但是預計周二的降雨能夠凈化空氣。

　　Though public transport is free of charge to take the sting out of the restrictions, drivers in the capital have protested against the measure, despite it having been used only twice since 1997.

　　雖然在這項限制措施期間的公共交通是免費的，但是巴黎的駕車者仍然抗議此項措施。盡管從1997年以來，該措施僅實施過兩次。

　　Similar emergency restrictions were last implemented almost exactly a year ago - on March 17 - during a particularly bad spike in the pollution levels.

　　最近一次類似的緊急限制措施正好是一年前3月17日的實施的，當時的污染水平處于峰值。

　　Authorities measure the concentration of particulates with a diameter of less than 10 microns - so-called PM10 - in the air to determine pollution levels.

　　檢測機構會檢測直徑小于10微米的微粒,即PM10濃度，并由此判定污染程度。

　　The safe limit for PM10 is set at 80 micrograms per cubic metre (mcg/m3), with levels in Paris Monday expected to be somewhere between 40 and 55 mcg/m3.

　　PM10 的安全水平線為每立方米80微克，周一巴黎PM10濃度預計介于40-55微克/立方米之間。

　　The city's alert level is fixed at 50 mcg/m3.

　　該市的PM10警戒水平為50微克/立方米。

　　According to a 2016 World Health Organisation report, the planet's most polluted city was Ahvaz in Iran with an average of 372 mcg/m3.

　　根據世界衛(wèi)生組織2016年的報道，全球污染最重的城市為伊朗的阿瓦士，其微粒平均含量為372微克/立方米。

　　Beijing had an average of 121 mcg/m3, while Paris was measured at 38 mcg/m3.

　　北京市的PM10平均含量為121微克/立方米，而巴黎則是38微克/立方米。

　　Vocabulary

　　flout：蔑視，輕視

　　alternative：備選的，替代的

　　spike：劇增

重點閱讀：

新東方托福：

新東方托福培訓視頻：

托福輔導：