2016年托福寫作語料庫：環(huán)保材料乙醇

　　托福綜合寫作閱讀材料：

　　Ethanol fuel, made from plants such as cornand sugar cane, has been advocated by some people as an alternative to gasolinein the United States. However, many critics argue that ethanol is not a goodreplacement for gasoline for several reasons.

　　乙醇燃料是從玉米或者甘蔗之類的植物中提取的。在美國，一些人提倡使用乙醇燃料來代替汽油。然而，很多評(píng)論家認(rèn)為一些原因使得乙醇燃料不是良好的汽油替代品。

　　First, the increased use of ethanol fuelwould not help to solve one of the biggestenvironmental problems caused bygasoline use: global warming. Like gasoline, ethanolreleases carbon dioxide intothe atmosphere when it is burned for fuel, and carbon dioxide is a greenhousegas: it helps trap heat in the atmosphere. Thus, ethanol offers noenvironmental advantage over gasoline.

　　首先，使用汽油帶來的最大的問題之一是全球變暖，而對(duì)于乙醇燃料使用的增加并不能解決這個(gè)問題。同汽油一樣，乙醇燃燒后向大氣釋放二氧化碳，而二氧化碳是溫室氣體。它會(huì)保持大氣層內(nèi)的溫度。因而，相對(duì)于汽油來說，乙醇并沒有環(huán)保優(yōu)勢(shì)。

　　Second, the production of significantamounts of ethanol would dramatically reduce the amount of plants available foruses other than fuel. For example, much of the corn now grown in the United Statesis used to feed farm animals such as cows and chickens. It isestimated that ifethanol were used to satisfy just 10 percent of the fuel needs in the UnitedStates, more than 60 percent of the corn currently grown in the United Stateswould have to be used to produce ethanol. If most of the corn were used toproduce ethanol, a substantial source of food for animals would disappear.

　　第二，乙醇產(chǎn)品的大量增加會(huì)導(dǎo)致用于其他目的作物數(shù)量減少。比如，在美國很多的玉米都是用來作動(dòng)物飼料來喂養(yǎng)牛和雞。可以推測(cè)，如果乙醇只滿足美國對(duì)燃料需要的10%，那么美國就要用現(xiàn)在玉米產(chǎn)量的60%用來制造乙醇燃料。如果把玉米產(chǎn)量的大部分用來生產(chǎn)乙醇燃料的話，那么家畜主要的食物來源就不復(fù)存在了。

　　Third, ethanol fuel will never be able tocompete with gasoline on price. Although the prices of ethanol and gasoline forthe consumer are currentlyabout the same, this is only because of the help inthe form of tax subsidies given to ethanol producers by the United Statesgovernment. These tax subsidies have cost the United States government over $11billion in the past 30 years. If the United States government were to stophelping the producers in this way, the price of ethanol would increase greatly.

　　第三，乙醇燃料燃料在價(jià)格上永遠(yuǎn)無法與汽油競(jìng)爭。雖然目前對(duì)消費(fèi)者來說，乙醇燃料和汽油的相差無幾，但是只是因?yàn)槊绹远愂昭a(bǔ)貼的形式補(bǔ)助乙醇燃料制造商。這個(gè)稅收補(bǔ)貼在過去的三十年花掉了美國政府110億美元。如果美國政府停止以這種形式幫助制造商，那么乙醇燃料的價(jià)格會(huì)大幅升高。

　　托福綜合寫作閱讀部分需要提取的觀點(diǎn)是：

　　- Main point: 乙醇燃料無法替代汽油

　　- Sub point 1: 燃燒乙醇燃料會(huì)排放二氧化碳，造成全球變暖

　　- Sub point 2: 制造乙醇燃料導(dǎo)致畜牧業(yè)缺乏飼料

　　- Sub point 3: 乙醇價(jià)格過高，依賴政府補(bǔ)貼

重點(diǎn)閱讀：

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