2016年托福(TOEFL)考試聽(tīng)力指導(dǎo)（二）

出現(xiàn)位置：

IBT聽(tīng)力中的修辭題通常出現(xiàn)在課堂演講(lectures)部分，在2個(gè)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，4個(gè)課堂演講中，一般占5至6題。

出題形式：

修辭題通常都是以特殊疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句，例如：

Why does the professor say this?(詢問(wèn)使用了何種修辭手段)

A: To encourage the students to think about the issue under a bigger context.

B: To elicit an answer from the students.

C: To compare two different things figuratively to engage his students.

D: To describe an imaginative situation.

How dies the professor illustrate his point about ___? (詢問(wèn)談話人是如何創(chuàng)造了某種修辭手段的)

A: by comparing X to Y

B: by giving an example of X

Why does the professor say so? (節(jié)選了演講中某一帶有修辭用法的部分，讓考生回答為什么談話人用此修辭)

A: To point out a flaw

B: To repeat a point

C: To define an important term

D: To exemplify a key point

解題技巧：

1. 聽(tīng)原文時(shí)即可適時(shí)判斷談話人的真實(shí)意圖，談話人某句講話修辭手法運(yùn)用明顯之時(shí)，往往就是考點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)之處。

2. 熟悉常用修辭手段，如比喻(又分明喻，暗喻等)，夸張，比擬，例證，借代，反問(wèn)，反復(fù)，設(shè)問(wèn)等等。

3. 注意根據(jù)上線問(wèn)和談話氣氛來(lái)綜合回答問(wèn)題，不要脫離主題憑空猜測(cè)談話人的修辭意圖。

舉例說(shuō)明：

Professor: Through much of the last century, America’s faith in freedom and democracy was a rock in a raging sea. Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations.

Narrator:

Listen again to a part of the lecture. Then answer the question.

Professor: …Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations.

Why does the professor say this?

A: To encourage the students to think about the issue under a bigger context.

B: To elicit an answer from the students.

C: To compare two different things figuratively to engage his students.

D: To describe an imaginative situation.

解析：

該題是詢問(wèn)為何使用某種修辭手法。

從談話節(jié)選段落中我們很容易看出，教授使用的是暗喻的方法。

該段落大概的意思是：在上個(gè)世紀(jì)的大部分時(shí)間里，美國(guó)式民主和自由的信仰如石沉大海，波瀾不驚;而今，卻如清風(fēng)拂絮，撒落人間。

暗喻的方式是為了形成對(duì)比，從而激起聽(tīng)者的想象力，活躍課堂談話的氣氛。

綜上所述正確答案為C。

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