新概念英語自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀：第一冊(cè) Lesson41-42

課文詳注 Further notes on the text

1．Not very. 不太重。
是It is not very heavy的省略形式?？谡Z中回答問題時(shí)，常把主語、動(dòng)詞和賓語都省略，只剩一個(gè)副詞、一個(gè)副詞詞組或一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式短語等。

2．Put it on this chair. 把它放在這把椅子上。

it指bag。在沒有扶手的椅子上用on，在有扶手的椅子上用in。如：

sit on a chair 坐在椅子上

sit in an armchair 坐在扶手椅里

3．cheese, bread, soap, chocolate, milk, sugar, coffee, tea, tobacco

這些詞都是不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞前面不能加a或an，也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果想表示“一些”之意，可用some，any等詞。some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問句。（可參見Lessons 27～28語法部分。）

如果要表示“一塊”、“一張”、“一條”等，需加如a piece of這表示數(shù)量的短語。本課表示數(shù)量的短語還有：

a loaf of 一個(gè)

a bar of 一條

a bottle of 一瓶

a pound of 一磅

half a pound of 半磅

a quarter of 四分之一

a tin of 一聽

4．a(chǎn) loaf of bread，一個(gè)面包。

指西餐中切成片吃的整個(gè)面包。

5．a(chǎn) bar of chocolate，一塊巧克力。

指一長(zhǎng)條巧克力糖。這種形狀的巧克力有時(shí)也可稱為一塊巧克力。

語法 Grammar in use

there＋be結(jié)構(gòu)（3）
當(dāng)there＋be后跟單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式為is；當(dāng)后面跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用are。如果后跟幾個(gè)并列名詞，而第一個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞仍用is。there＋be后面的名詞是句子的主語。如：

There is a hammer on the bookcase. 書箱上有個(gè)鎯頭。（單數(shù)名詞）

There is some tea in the cup. 杯子里有些茶水。（不可數(shù)名詞）

There are three bottles of milk on the table. 桌子上有3瓶牛奶。（不可數(shù)名詞，用復(fù)數(shù)量詞修飾）

There is a pen, two books and a knife on the desk. 課桌上有一枝鋼筆、兩本書和一把小刀。（第一個(gè)并列名詞是單數(shù)）

也請(qǐng)參見Lessons 19～20以及Lessons 27～28語法部分。

詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study

1．bar n.

（1）條；塊：

He has just had a chocolate bar.他剛剛吃了一塊巧克力。

（2）（門、窗的）閂；桿：

He is now behind bars. 他現(xiàn)在被關(guān)在監(jiān)獄里。（bar指窗上裝有鐵柵欄，behind bars是一種非正式固定用語，意為in prison，關(guān)在監(jiān)獄里。）

（3）酒吧（間）：

The bar is very crowded. 酒吧里人很擁擠。

2．pound n.

（1）磅；常衡磅（分成16盎司，等于0.4536千克，略作1b.）；金衡磅（分成12盎司，等于0.3732千克，略作1b. t.）：

It weighs 15 pounds. 它的重量為15磅。

Give me a pound of sugar, please. 請(qǐng)給我1磅糖。

（2）英鎊（英國(guó)貨幣單位，簡(jiǎn)寫為￡，全稱為pound sterling）：

The shirt costs me ￡ 20. 買這件襯衣花了我20鎊。

Half a pound of coffee costs one pound. 半磅咖啡的價(jià)格是一英鎊。

練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises

Lesson 42

A

1 Is there any bread in the kitchen?

2 There's a loaf on the table.

3 There's some coffee on the table, too.

4 There isn't any chocolate on the table.

5 There's a spoon on that dish.

6 Is there any soap on the dressing table?

B

1 Is there a spoon here?

Yes, there is. There's one on the plate.

2 Is there a tie here?

Yes, there is. There's one on the chair.

3 Is there any milk here?

Yes, there is. There's some on the table.

4 Is there a hammer here?

Yes, there is. There's one on the bookcase.

5 Is there any tea here?

Yes, there is. There's some on the table.

6 Is there a vase here?

Yes, there is. There's one on the radio.

7 Is there a suit here?

Yes, there is. There's one in the wardrobe.

8 Is there any tobacco here?

Yes, there is. There's some in the tin.

9 Is there any chocolate here?

Yes, there is. There's some on the desk.

10 Is there any cheese here?

Yes, there is. There's some on the plate.

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