發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2016年06月27日
2016年托福iBT口語(yǔ)考試通過技巧之換詞。
換詞
此劍屬于極難修煉之式,需要配合高級(jí)心法,長(zhǎng)期練習(xí)方能有所成就,時(shí)間緊就跳過吧。本劍基本只適合要求有些高的戰(zhàn)友。不過不管是誰(shuí),有這個(gè)意識(shí)肯定是好的,說(shuō)不定考的時(shí)候靈感一來(lái)就妙口生花,博得rater的好感。這里首先要注意的是,rater期待的理想完美答案不是一定的,但是所有表達(dá)都對(duì)這 reading和listening材料照本宣科的回答肯定是不會(huì)受到rater青睞的。其實(shí)不需要你都換,只要在合適的位置小換一下,哪怕就一下,你的這一表現(xiàn)馬上就會(huì)讓rater耳朵一豎,眼睛一亮,在那些完全復(fù)述材料的考生中脫穎而出。rater會(huì)覺得你有這個(gè)能力有機(jī)處理輸入信息,而不是完全呀呀學(xué)語(yǔ)。你換4個(gè)或5個(gè)對(duì)考官來(lái)說(shuō)沒有區(qū)別,但是你換1個(gè)和換0個(gè)卻有很大區(qū)別。
然后要明確哪些該換,哪些不能換。專有名詞絕對(duì)不能替換;多音節(jié)的那種大詞(名,形,動(dòng)),像responsibility, spectacular, misrepresent...一般不要換;比較怪異的非日常生活用語(yǔ)以及被反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的也許很常用但是在題中有特殊涵義的詞不能換...這些應(yīng)該都比較好把握。可以換的就是那些通俗常用的義項(xiàng),表達(dá)多用副詞,介詞,小詞,熟詞的意義。舉個(gè)例子,There are more and more people in Shanghai可以換成the population is increasing;A is harmful to B可以換成A brings harm to, A endangers B, A poses a threat to B,B suffers much from A;A enables B to do sth可以換成A makes it possible for B to do sth,B is now able to do sth thanks to/ due to/ because of A......這些變化要能快速反映出來(lái),并非一朝一夕,只有平時(shí)多積累才能略有小成。就是熟悉各種句式,語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)功能,同義詞等等。這個(gè)過程其實(shí)是和寫作緊密聯(lián)系的。平時(shí)注意不要讓表達(dá)單調(diào),有意識(shí)多換詞表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思,久而久之就能冰凍三尺了。仍然推薦朗文的那個(gè)詞典,它右下角有個(gè) activator,表達(dá)同一個(gè)義項(xiàng)很管用。bt和emule都有下載的。另外,在換詞的過程中,注意不要盲目亂換,一定要確保感***彩不變,書面口語(yǔ)體不要混淆,語(yǔ)境要恰當(dāng)吻合,別讓老美覺得我們迂腐不堪。下面我把我自己總結(jié)一些常用義項(xiàng)換詞貼出來(lái),這些我考試的時(shí)候仍然都沒用上,換上的是臨時(shí)蹦出來(lái)的一個(gè)詞。說(shuō)明,這個(gè)短期突破基本上很困難。以下詞具體用的時(shí)候請(qǐng)先參見辭典,別用的不恰當(dāng),否則還不如不換詞。
能,會(huì),可以:can, (would) be able to, have the chance/opportunity to do.., get to do
應(yīng)該:should, be supposed to, shall, have to, must, be required to, it is necessary for sb to..
上升,增加:(vi.)increase, go up, rise, (vt.) increase, raise (n.) growth, rise, increase.
下降,減少/?。?vt.) decrease, reduce, lower (vi.) decrease, fall, drop,go/come down, decline. (n.) fall, decrease, decline, drop
變:change, alter, become (different/big/small/..), get, grow
知道,了解,意識(shí)到:know, be aware/concious of, realize, get information about,
證實(shí),表明:show, suggest, indicate, make it clear that
很大程度上,基本上:greatly, considerably, enormously, significantly, basically
提高,變好:improve, make better, enhance
采取(措施):adopt, take
提出(政策):propose, offer
廢除:eliminate, get rid of, do way with, dispense with
提供:provide, offer, give
任務(wù):assignment, job, work, task
有用,幫助:beneficial, helpful, useful, be a great help to, do good to, bring benefit to, be good for
方法:way, approach, strategy, method
觀點(diǎn):idea, belief, view, opinion
影響:affect(vt.), influence(vt.), have influence/effect/impact on
(被)允許:allow, permit, can, may, be free to do
恢復(fù),復(fù)原:restore, recover, bring back
阻止:prevent, stop, keep (sth/sb from doing sth)
花費(fèi):spend, take, cost, put in, make effort
參加:join, take part in, participate in, engage in, get involved in, attend, be a part of
調(diào)整,調(diào)節(jié):adjust, regulate, control
產(chǎn)生,創(chuàng)造:create, produce, make, generate, bring about, form
表現(xiàn),顯現(xiàn)出:show, display, demonstrate, represent
確保:ensure, guarantee, assure (of), promise
最后:in the end, eventually, at last, finally
行為方式,做法:act, practice
建議:suggest, say should, advise, recommend
決定:decide, choose, make up one's mind
查明:find out, discover, figure out
導(dǎo)致,引起:cause, result in, lead to, bring about, contribute to
限制:limit, restrict, confine, put a limit on
正在做,努力:work on
延期相關(guān):more time, extra time, extension, later deadline; put off, postpone, put back to, delay, (until)
因素:cause, factor, reason
合適:fit, suit, be suitable/fit/right
需要:require, need, it is necessary for..to..,demand
不變:fixed, constant, stable, unchanged (unchanging)
擔(dān)心:worry about, be concerned about, care about
解決:solve/resolve, address, deal with, work out, tackle
解釋:tell, explain, spell out, say how..
關(guān)于筆記和換詞練習(xí)的材料,選YeeaooBox、DELTA和OG就夠了,DELTA的聽力速度較快,一直說(shuō)到自己比較滿意為止。3.4.5.6題一定要多練習(xí),做過的題目過幾天仍然可以再回頭做做,可能每次表達(dá)都不一樣呢。你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),同一道題目你隔段時(shí)間再說(shuō),又會(huì)有新的體會(huì),尤其DELTA,很多都是三點(diǎn)要點(diǎn),有點(diǎn)難,習(xí)慣了再做真題應(yīng)該不會(huì)吃虧的。還是那句話,筆記一定要重視練習(xí),但是換詞可以不用過多糾纏。
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