新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

此獨(dú)立形式只是一個(gè)小短語(yǔ)，而不是主謂完整的簡(jiǎn)單句，又稱之為獨(dú)立分詞構(gòu)句。當(dāng)分詞意義上的主語(yǔ)不是主句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須在分詞前保留意義上的主語(yǔ)，否則語(yǔ)意不通。示例：
Being ill in bed, I can't go to school.
Mother being ill in bed, I can't go to school.

1． 獨(dú)立主結(jié)構(gòu)形式可用以表時(shí)間，理由，條件，伴隨狀態(tài)等。

He lay on the grass, the sun shining upon him.
= He lay on the grass, and the sun was shining upon him.

Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.
= If weather permits, I'll start tomorrow.

School being over, the boys went home.
= When school was over, the boys went home.

The sun having set, we arrived at the station.
= After the sun had set, we arrived at the station.

王牌重點(diǎn)：當(dāng)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)表示“一般人”，如：we, one, you時(shí)，主語(yǔ)可省略，此用法常用于下列表達(dá)方式中：
generally speaking 一般來說
strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說
talking of ... 談到
speaking of ... 說到
judging from ... 由……來判斷
taking all things into consideration 把一切都考慮在內(nèi)
considering ... 考慮到……

[示例]
If we judge from his face, he must be ill.
= Judging from his face, he must be ill.

He has lots of books if we consider that he is young.
= He has lots of books, considering that he is young.

2．with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式之一。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)（表示原因，方式，伴隨等）和定語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)緊隨被修飾名詞后。

(1) with 名詞 介詞短語(yǔ)
The woman with a baby on her back is my sister.
The boy rushed into the room, with his schoolbag in his hand.

(2) with 名詞 adj.
with the door open, he left the classroom.

(3) with 名詞 adv.
With the gloves off, she felt cold.
With the lights on, the building looks beautiful.

(4) with 名詞 現(xiàn)在分詞（主動(dòng)）
with 名詞 過去分詞（被動(dòng)）
With the guide leading us, we got to the village.
The boy was crying with the vase broken.

(5) with 名詞 不定式
With the hard work to be done, we have to prepare for it.

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