發(fā)布時(shí)間： 2016年06月14日

新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹：名詞性從句（3）賓語(yǔ)從句

（三）賓語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。

1. that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)無(wú)含義，不充當(dāng)成分，常省略。

★that不引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，至于except that, in that, save that, but that等是復(fù)合從屬連詞。
I know (that) you have met him.
Let's suppose that one day this happens to you.

★在及物動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)從句之間常有間接賓語(yǔ)（指人）。例如：
I told him (that) he was wrong.

★在少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如：think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, calculate, fancy, reckon, be supposed , seem, appear, feel as if, look as if, look like等后面的從句中的否定詞經(jīng)常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞上，這叫否定前置/否定轉(zhuǎn)移。（hope“希望”, guess“認(rèn)為”后的賓語(yǔ)從句否定不前置。I hope not.“我希望不是那樣的”，是I hope so.的否定式。I don't hope so.是對(duì)hope的否定：“我不希望如此”。）如：
I don't think it will be very cold today.
I don't think you are right.
I don't believe he has finished his work.

注意：

①非必須否定轉(zhuǎn)移。若需要強(qiáng)調(diào)從句的否定時(shí)就不作轉(zhuǎn)移。

②不可把所有可否定轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞的否定句都理解為否定賓語(yǔ)從句，要根據(jù)句意或語(yǔ)境而定。
I don't think diplomacy is a field for private enterprise.
We didn't think we'd be this late.

③當(dāng)think用在疑問句中，或主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與狀語(yǔ)連用，或主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被do強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
Why do you think we can't change your note?
I do believe Tom never tells a lie.
They still didn't believe that the food would come.
I can't believe that they are married.

④否定轉(zhuǎn)移多用在主句動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的情況。
主句動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，或主句動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，就不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移。此時(shí)若主句動(dòng)詞為否定，應(yīng)考慮是否是對(duì)主句動(dòng)詞的否定。
I had thought that he would not come.
我已經(jīng)想到了他不能來(lái)了。

⑤當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中有no, never, hardly, not at all, not a bit, not...enough, can't help doing等時(shí)不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
I think I can't help laughing if I see it.
I believe he never tells a lie.

▲許多帶賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句子要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把賓語(yǔ)從句置于句尾。
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.
We thought it a pity that she should have missed the chance.

2. whether, if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句：表示“是否”可互換，口語(yǔ)中常用if。
He asked if she would come.

注意下列情況下whether不可用if換：

1)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí)。

2)whether后沒有單詞間隔而直接跟or not時(shí)。
I don't know whether or not he will come.

3) whether從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。
They are talking about whether he will win the game.
Everything depends on whether you agree with us.

4)whether后接不定式時(shí)。
I don't know whether to attend the meeting.

5)動(dòng)詞discuss, decide的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。

3. 連接代詞what, who, whose等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
Tell me what you want.
Do you know who will come at the meeting?

注意：who, whom按照傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法，從句中who所取代的名詞如果是賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用賓格whom，但在口語(yǔ)中常用who，如：
Do you know whom (who) he will invite?

①whose, which, what三個(gè)詞都帶有形容詞性質(zhì)。whose表示所有，意為“誰(shuí)的”；which意為“哪一個(gè)”，what意為“什么”。如：
Whose book it is not important.
Please tell me which school you want to go.
He didn't know what time it was.

②一般說來(lái)，which指的是在一個(gè)具體的、較明確的、有限的、較小范圍；而what則指較廣的或不明確的范圍。如：which food，說話人一般指眼前的或明確范圍的幾種food；what food則指許多food，而且說話人心中沒有數(shù)。
I don't know which / what food you want.
如果范圍較大或者沒有什么范圍，最好用what food。

4. 連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
I don't know when the meeting will be held.
Please tell me where I can find Tom.
He explained to me why he was absent from the meeting.
Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?

5. 可用whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。
Please write down whatever he is saying.
I don't know whoever will come.
I'll do whatever you ask me to.

6. 表示愛憎情感的動(dòng)詞，如：enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, don't mind, resent, appreciate（感激）等以及某些介詞結(jié)尾的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如：count on, depend on, rely on, see to, look forward to, be fond of, feel like, see to等后，即使沒有賓補(bǔ)也要先接形式賓語(yǔ)it，再接賓語(yǔ)從句。
I like it when she smiles at me.
I love it when you sing.
I hate it if I am spoken to loudly in public.
★除了but, besides, except, in, save, beyond六個(gè)介詞后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句外，其他介詞都不能。in that是“因?yàn)椤钡囊馑?，其余五個(gè)與that搭配都是“除了……”。

專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：

1、Do you know how much hot water ______?

A.Mum is needed B.does Mum need C.Mum needs D.did Mum need

2、Can you tell me ______?

A.where he is B.where is he C.he is where D.what is he

3、I didn't know how ______ to London?

A.would they go B.are they going C.they would go D.they are going

4、I want to know how long ______.

A.has he been back B.has he come back C.he has been back D.he has come back

5、Do you know ______?

A.what the news are B.what is the news C.what the news is D.what are the news

6、He said he would help me with my maths if he ______ free.