考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解全真模擬題醫(yī)學(xué)類(lèi)試題（二十二）

It is a startling claim， but one that Congresswoman Deborah Pryce uses to good effects： the equivalent of two classrooms full of children are diagnosed with cancer every day. Mrs. Pryce lost her own 9-year-old daughter to cancer in 1999. Pediatric cancer remains a little-understood issue in America， where the health-care debate is consumed with the ills， pills and medical bills of the elderly.

Cancer kills more children than any other disease in MERICA. 1) although there have been tremendous gains in cancer survival rates in recent decades， the proportion of children and teens diagnosed with different forms of the disease increased by almost a third between 1975 and 2001.

2) Grisly though these statistics are， they are still tiny when set beside the number of adult lives lost to breast cancer (41，000 each year) and lung cancer (164，000)。 Adbocates foor more money for child cancer prefer to look at life-years lost， the average age for cancer diagnosis in a young child is six， while the average adult is diagnosed in their late 60s. Robert Arceci， a pediatric cancer export at Johns Hopkins， points out that in terms of total life-years saved， the benefit from curing pediatric cancer victims is roughly the same as curing adults with breast cancer.

There is an obvious element of special pleading in such calculations， all the same， breast cancer has attracted a flurry of publicity， private fund-raising and money from government. Childhood cancer has received less attention and cash. Pediatric cancer， a term which covers people up to 20 years old， receives one-twentieth of the federal research money doled out by the National Cancer Institute. Funding， moan pediatric researchers， has not kept pace with rising costs in the field， and NCI money for collaborative research will actually be cut by 3% this year.

There is no national pediatric cancer registry that would let researchers track child and teenage patients through their lives as they can do in the case of adult suffers， a pilot childhood-cancer registry is in the works. Groups like Mr. Reaman‘s now get cash directly from Congress， but it is plainly a problem most politicians don’t know much about.

The biggest problem could lie with 15-19-year-olds. Those diagnosed with cancer have not seen the same improvement in their chances as younger children and older adults have done. There are some physiology explanations for this： teenagers who have passed adolescence are more vulnerable to different sorts of cancer， but Arehie Bleyer， a pediatric oncologist at the M.D Anderson Cancer Centre in Texas， has produced some data implying that lack of health insurance plays a role. Older teenagers and young adults are less likely to be covered and checked regularly. (445 words)

1. The author cites the examples of Mrs. Pryce to show that

[A] child cancer is no longer a rare case.

[B ] nowadays Americans care little about child cancer.

[C] the current health-care debate is rather time-consuming.

[D] school kids are more likely to be diagnoses with cancer.

2. According to Robert Arceci， child cancer research is also worth funding because

[A] the statistics of child cancer is rather scary.

[B] a saved child may enjoy a longer life span.

[C] adults with caner do not deserve that much funding.

[D] funding on child cancer is economical and effective.

3. Those 15-19-year-olds diagnosed with cancer

[A] were born with defects in immune systems.

[B] are more likely to recover from a cancer.

[C] can not get enough medical care.

[D]suffer a lot during adolescence.

4. The author writes this text to

[A] inspire greater concern for the well being of children.

[B] warn people of the harms caused by cancer.

[C] interpret the possible cause of child cancer.

[D] change the public‘s indifference to kids with cancer.

5. The author‘s attitude towards the current state of childhood cancer may be

[A] concerned

[B] desperate

[C] carefree

[D] indignant

詞匯注釋

pediatric 小兒的，兒科的

grisly 令人恐怖的

a flurry of 大量的

dole out 發(fā)放

registry 官方記錄

oncologist 腫瘤學(xué)家

難句講解

1. Although there have been tremendous gains in cancer survival rates in recent decades， the proportion of children and teens diagnosed with different forms of the disease increased by almost a third between 1975 and 2001.

[簡(jiǎn)析] 本句主干是“the propotion … increased …”。引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;diagnosed with … 短語(yǔ)修飾children and teens.

2. Grisly though these statistics are， they are still tiny when set beside the number of adult lives lost to breast cancer (41，000 each year) and lung cancer (164，000)。

[簡(jiǎn)析] 本句主干是“they are still tiny …”。Grisly though …是倒裝句式;they指的是these statistics;when 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)省略條件狀語(yǔ)從句，省略了主語(yǔ)，其中的lost to…短語(yǔ)修飾lives.

3. There is no national pediatric cancer registry that would let researchers track child and teenage patients through their lives as they can do in the case of adult suffers.

[簡(jiǎn)析] 本句主干是“There is no national pediatric cancer registry …”。That 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾cancer registry;their指的是child and teenage patients;as 引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的句子，其中的they 指的是researchers.

答案與解析

1. A 結(jié)構(gòu)題。本題的問(wèn)題是“作者引用普瑞斯夫人的例子，是為了說(shuō)明 ”。題干中的“Pryce，出自文章第一段第一句話(huà)中，表明本題與第一段有關(guān)。第一段首先指出，這是一個(gè)令人吃驚的說(shuō)法，隨后提到了普瑞斯夫人的話(huà)——每天都有相當(dāng)于兩個(gè)教室的孩子被診斷患有癌癥，接著提到了她女兒死于癌癥的事情，隨后的段落介紹了癌癥導(dǎo)致的兒童死亡人數(shù)增加的問(wèn)題。這說(shuō)明，作者提到普瑞斯夫人的例子，是為了說(shuō)明，兒童患癌征的現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)不再罕見(jiàn)。[A]”小兒癌癥不再是一種罕見(jiàn)的疾病“是對(duì)作者意圖的恰當(dāng)概括，為正確答案。[B]”如今的美國(guó)人很少關(guān)心小兒癌癥“是針對(duì)該段第三句話(huà)設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，是作者提出問(wèn)題的原因，不是目的;[C]”目前有關(guān)醫(yī)療保健的討論相當(dāng)費(fèi)時(shí)“是針對(duì)該段第三句話(huà)設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，是曲解了is consumed with (關(guān)注……)這個(gè)短語(yǔ)在本文的意思，與文意不符;[D]”在校的孩子更可能被診斷患有癌癥“是針對(duì)該段第一句話(huà)設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，這是舉的例子，不是作者的目的。

2. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問(wèn)題是“根據(jù)羅伯特。阿賽西的觀點(diǎn)，小兒癌癥研究也值得投資，因?yàn)?”。題干中的“Robert Arceci”出自文章第三段最后一句話(huà)中，表明本題與第三段有關(guān)。第三段提到，主張為兒童癌癥患者投入更多資金的人們更注重失去的壽命，隨后提到了羅伯特。阿賽西的觀點(diǎn)——從被挽救的總體壽命來(lái)看，治愈兒童癌癥患者帶來(lái)的價(jià)值幾乎與治愈成年乳腺癌患者的價(jià)值一樣。這說(shuō)明，原因是可以延長(zhǎng)兒重的生命。[B]“被挽救的孩子可能享有更長(zhǎng)的壽命”是對(duì)其觀點(diǎn)的改寫(xiě)，為正確答案。[A]“有關(guān)小兒癌癥的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)非常令人驚恐”是事實(shí)，并不是羅伯特。阿賽西的觀點(diǎn);[C]“患癌癥的成年人不值得那么多的資助”是針對(duì)該段最后一句話(huà)設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，文中并沒(méi)有說(shuō)羅伯特。阿賽西反對(duì)資助成年癌癥患者，所以C與文意不符;[D]“對(duì)小兒癌癥的投資既經(jīng)濟(jì)又有效”屬于無(wú)中生有。

3.C 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問(wèn)題是“那些15歲至19歲的被診斷患有癌癥的青少年 ”。題干中的“15—19 year-olds”出自文章最后一段第一句話(huà)中，表明本題與最后一段有關(guān)。最后一段首先提到了15歲到19歲的青少年的問(wèn)題，接著分析指出，一些數(shù)據(jù)顯示，缺少醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)是一個(gè)原因，醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)不大可能覆蓋更多的青少年和年輕的成年人，這些人也不大可能進(jìn)行定期體檢。這說(shuō)明，這些青少年沒(méi)有得到醫(yī)療方面的關(guān)注。[C]“沒(méi)能得到足夠的醫(yī)療護(hù)理”是對(duì)文中相關(guān)信息的概括，為正確答案。[A]“生來(lái)就有免疫系統(tǒng)的缺陷”和[D]“在青春期受了很多苦”屬于無(wú)中生有;[B]“更可能從癌癥中恢復(fù)”與文意相反。

4. D 主旨題。本題的問(wèn)題是“作者寫(xiě)本文是為了 ”。作者首先指出，小兒癌癥仍然是一個(gè)鮮為人知的問(wèn)題，接著利用數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明，癌癥導(dǎo)致的兒童死亡人數(shù)比其他疾病多，隨后指出，兒童癌癥沒(méi)有引起足夠的關(guān)注，沒(méi)有得到足夠的資金，并分析了原因。這說(shuō)明，作者寫(xiě)本文是為了提請(qǐng)人們關(guān)注兒童癌癥問(wèn)題。[D]“改變公眾對(duì)兒童癌癥患者的冷漠態(tài)度”是對(duì)作者目的的恰當(dāng)概括，可以表達(dá)作者的主要目的，為正確答案。[A]“鼓勵(lì)人們更關(guān)注兒童的幸?！辈粶?zhǔn)確，沒(méi)有提到兒童的癌癥問(wèn)題;本文主要討論的是兒童癌癥問(wèn)題，所以[B]“警告人們癌癥造成的危害”太廣泛，不能表達(dá)作者的主要目的;[C]“解釋小兒癌癥可能的原因”只是文中部分段落的內(nèi)容，不能表達(dá)作者的主要目的。

5. A 態(tài)度題。本題的問(wèn)題是“作者對(duì)于小兒癌癥現(xiàn)狀的態(tài)度可能是 ”。作者在文中指出，小兒癌癥在美國(guó)仍然是一個(gè)鮮為人知的問(wèn)題，兒童癌癥沒(méi)有引起足夠的關(guān)注，沒(méi)有得到足夠的資金，并引用專(zhuān)家的觀點(diǎn)指出，應(yīng)該多投資兒童癌癥問(wèn)題的研究。這說(shuō)明，作者關(guān)注小兒癌癥問(wèn)題。[A]“關(guān)心的”是對(duì)作者態(tài)度的恰當(dāng)概括，為正確答案。第五段提到，登記兒童癌癥患者人數(shù)的試點(diǎn)工作正在計(jì)劃之中，并且像瑞曼先生這樣的研究小組直接從國(guó)會(huì)獲得資金，這說(shuō)明[B]“絕望的”與作者的態(tài)度不符;[C]“不負(fù)責(zé)任的”是美國(guó)人的態(tài)度，不是作者的態(tài)度;作者并沒(méi)有指責(zé)誰(shuí)，所以[D]“憤慨的”與作者的態(tài)度不符。

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