發(fā)布時間： 2016年06月14日

考研英語閱讀理解全真模擬題醫(yī)學(xué)類（十五）

Depending on whom you ask， the experiment announced at a Texas medical conference last week was a potential breakthrough for infertile women， a tragic failure or a dangerous step closer to the nightmare scenario of human cloning.

There's truth to all these points of view. Infertility was clearly the motivation when Chinese doctors used a new technique to help one of their countrywomen get pregnant. Unlike some infertile women， the 30-year-old patient produced eggs just fine， and those eggs could be fertilized by sperm. But they never developed properly， largely because of defects in parts of the egg outside the fertilized nucleus. So using a technique developed by Dr. James Grifo at New York University， Dr. Zhuang Guanglun of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou took the patient's fertilized egg， scooped out the chromosome-bearing nuclear material and put it in a donated egg whose nucleus had been removed. In this more benign environment， development proceeded normally， and the woman became pregnant with triplets who carried a mix of her DNA and her husband's——pretty much like any normal baby.

What has some doctors and ethicists upset is that this so-called nuclear-transfer technique has also been used to produce clones， starting with Dolly the sheep. The only significant difference is that with cloning， the inserted nucleus comes from a single， usually adult， cell， and the resulting offspring is genetically identical to the parent. Doing that with humans is ethically repugnant to many. Besides， for reasons that aren't yet well understood， cloned animals often abort spontaneously or are born with defects; Dolly died very young， though she had seemed healthy. And because the Chinese woman's twins were born prematurely and died (the third triplet was removed early on to improve chances for the remaining two)， critics have suggested that cloning and nuclear transfer are equally risky for humans.

Not likely， says Grifo. “The obstetric outcome was a disaster，” he admits， “but the embryos were chromosomally normal. We have no evidence that it had anything to do with the procedure.” Even so， concern over potential risks is why the Food and Drug Administration created a stringent approval process for such research in 2001——a process that Grifo found so onerous that he stopped working on the technique and gave it to the researchers in China， where it was subsequently banned (but only this month， long after Zhuang's patient became pregnant)。

The bottom line， say critics， is that perfecting a technique that could be used for human cloning， even if it were developed for another purpose， is just a bad idea——an assertion Zhuang rejects. “I agree that it makes sense to control these experiments，” he says. “But we've developed an effective technology to help people. We understand how to do it. We need it.”

注(1)：本文選自Time; 10/27/2003， p47;

注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象2003年真題Text 4;

1. What is implied in the first paragraph?

[A]Some people regard it as a tragic failure.

[B]The new experiment means a breakthrough for some people.

[C]People have different reactions to the new experiment.

[D]The new experiment means a step further to the dangerous human cloning.

2. The author uses the case of Dolly and the Chinese pregnant woman to show that _________.

[A]both nuclear-transfer and cloning are dangerous for humans and animals

[B]both of them benefit from the new technique

[C]both of them are the examples of technical failure

[D]both of them are the fruits of the new technology