發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2016年06月06日
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn) 名詞性從句基礎(chǔ):
一、名詞性從句的基本概念
在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句,包括作主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。
(1)主語(yǔ)從句
就是在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ)的從句。主語(yǔ)從句常用that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever等引導(dǎo)。如:
Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否來(lái)還是問(wèn)題。
That China is a great socialist country is well known. 眾所周知,中國(guó)是一個(gè)偉大的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家。
注:為避免頭重腳輕,使句子平衡,常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將主語(yǔ)從句后置。如上述第二例常說(shuō)成:
It is well known that China is a great socialist country.
但是,由連接代詞what, whatever, whoever等引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一般不能用形式主語(yǔ)。如:
What he found surprised me greatly. 他的發(fā)現(xiàn)使我非常吃驚。
Whoever is finished may rest. 凡是做完工的人都可以休息。
(2)表語(yǔ)從句
就是在連系動(dòng)詞之后作表語(yǔ)的從句。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接除與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞外,還有as if, as though。如:
The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 問(wèn)題是他能否單獨(dú)做這件事。
It looks as if (though) it is going to snow. 天好像要下雪似的。
注意:要區(qū)分以下句式:
1. that’s why 結(jié)果;that’s because 原因。2. the reason why /for…is that…
He is absent. That’s because he is ill. 他缺席,這是因?yàn)樗×恕?
He is ill. That’s why he is absent. 他病了,這就是他缺席的原因。
The reason why he is absent is that he is ill. 他缺席的原因是他生病了。
(3)賓語(yǔ)從句
就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的從句。引導(dǎo)這賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞基本相同。如:
They didn’t say which they wanted. 他們沒有說(shuō)他們想要哪一個(gè)。
I am sure (that) no harm will ever come to you. 我肯定你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)受傷害。
I was surprised at what has happened.我對(duì)發(fā)生的事感到驚訝。
注意:當(dāng)think, believe, suppose等的疑問(wèn)式后面跟連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),習(xí)慣上將這些連接詞置于句首,即“連接代/副詞 do you think /believe /expect 賓語(yǔ)從句的其余部分?”如:
Who do you think is the best player this year? 你認(rèn)為今年誰(shuí)是最佳運(yùn)動(dòng)員?
What do you suppose you will do after school? 你想放學(xué)后干什么?
(4)同位語(yǔ)從句
就是在句中作同位語(yǔ)的從句。它通常有放在thought, idea, news, word(=news), plan, doubt, question, fact, suggestion, belief等抽象名詞的后面,說(shuō)明這些詞的具體內(nèi)容或含義。同位語(yǔ)從句大多由that引導(dǎo),也可由whether, how, when, where, why等引導(dǎo),但不能由which引導(dǎo)。如:
The idea that the earth is round is not a new one. “地球是圓的”這種觀點(diǎn)并不新鮮。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意此事這們一問(wèn)題。
I have no idea when he will set out. 我不知他什么時(shí)候出發(fā)。
注:有時(shí),同位語(yǔ)從句并不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的詞的后面。如:
The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep’s clothing. 真相終于大白了,他原來(lái)是一只披羊皮的狼。
相關(guān)鏈接: