考研培訓(xùn) 考研培訓(xùn)
發(fā)布時(shí)間： 2016年06月03日
There is a bitter battle over how to combat the nation‘s fastest-growing crime problem， juvenile offenders.While overall crime statistics in America’s largest cities has dropped there is one category where it has skyrocketed. That category is homicides committed by youths under the age of 17. Between 1984 and 1994， murders committed by youths under 17 tripled. Demographic studies show that there will be a surge in the teen population in the coming years and experts believe that 25 percent of all murders committed by the year 2005 will be committed by juveniles.
Violence (i.e. Aggravated assaults) committed with guns by youths has also increased at roughly the samepace as homicides. After years of statistical decline， drug use by teens is also on the rise. None of these statistics would appear to bode well for future. It now seems that everyday we are hearing about horrendous violent crimes being committed by juveniles.
The most famous of late was the 6-year-old in northern California who almost beat to death a small baby. The baby was just released from the hospital on Thursday and has suffered brain damage from the attack by the 6-year-old.
There is also the case of the 15-year-old pregnant girl who was shot to death by another student in St. Louis. In Miami， two 16-year-old males have been charged with the murder of a Dutch woman tourist who just happened to end up in the wrong neighborhood. A 15-year-old New York boy tried to steal a pair of earrings from a woman.
During the attack， the young woman fell to her death under a New York subway train. In Fort Meyers， Florida， a group of teenagers shot and killed a high school band teacher. This case will be the subject of an upcoming ENN report， but a police investigation into this group of teens turned up “would-be junior terrorists” that could have rivaled some of the worst terrorist organizations in the world.
There seems to be growing awareness now of this juvenile crime problem in the United States. Several experts， as well as this publication， have been trying very hard to get the word out. People who have become victims of these young felons are angry and are calling for changes to be made in the juvenile justice system.
It has been a long-standing belief in the United States that juveniles who kill， rape and rob be treated differently than adult offenders. But this may soon change. In 1899， juvenile courts were established to help protect “juvenile delinquents.” But it seems that today， the reasoning for the protection of the youths in the criminal justice system may be outdated and changes need to be made to accomodate these “14-year-old harden felons.” Many critics， today， say that in reality too many hard-core juvenile offenders are arrested held and released time-after-time in a process that is called a revolving door. It seems to only come to an end when a truly heinous crime is committed.
Because of the rise in juvenile crime and the experts predictions that the problem is going to get worse before it gets better， many cities， states and even congress are trying to wrestle with the problem. Tallahassee， Florida has been experimenting with a couple of different programs to deal with troubled youths. In one case， Tallahassee Police received a report of a teenager breaking into an auto. Immediately， officers knew their suspect. The suspect was a 16-year-old who even held a job at a near-by restaurant. This 16-year-old who was on parole， had been known to commit 32 similar offenses. Officers had kept the suspect tracked on a point scale. He was arrested after he barricaded himself inside an apartment building. Because of his extensive criminal record prosecutors immediately sent him to trial in an adult court. This can be called the “get-tough” approach.
1. As you read the first paragraph， which kind of crimes are increasing while the crime statistics in America‘s largest cities has dropped?
[A] Homicides committed by youths.
[B] Murders committed by adults.
[C] Drug abuse.
[D] Violation.
2. Read the third paragraph carefully and then answer the question： What happened to the “6-year-old”?
[A] The “6-year-old” had been killed.
[B] The “6-year-old” had almost killed another small baby.
[C] The “6-year-old” had been sent to prison.
[D] The “6-year-old” had suffered brain damage.
3. What thing will be report by ENN?
[A] A high school teacher had been killed by a group of teenagers.
[B] Junior terrorists.
[C] The case of the 15-year-old pregnant girl who was shot to death by another student in St. Louis.
[D] Both A and B.
4. Who called for changes to be made in the juvenile justice system?
[A] Journalists came from Florida.
[B] The parents came from the juvenile‘s families.
[C] Teachers came from the juvenile‘s school.
[D] The victims of these young felons.
5. As the author use the example of the case of Tallahassee， what did he mean?
[A] To illustrate the importance of changes that should be made in the juvenile justice system……
[B] To state that teenagers who committed crimes should be sent to trial in an adult court.
[C] To express that the old law was not fit for the new phenomenon.
[D] To express that the author hated the juvenile crimes.
[疑難長(zhǎng)句翻譯與注解]
1. Demographic studies show that…the year 2005 will be committed by juveniles.
[譯文]統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的研究表明，在即將到來(lái)的一年里，青年人口將有迅猛的增長(zhǎng)。據(jù)專家估計(jì)，在 2005 年，25%的謀殺事件是由青少年犯罪導(dǎo)致的。
[注解] 其中，a surge of something 意思是 a sudden increase in amount of number.demographic 是形容詞，意為人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的。surge 即可作名詞也可為動(dòng)詞，這里作動(dòng)詞用，意為迅猛增長(zhǎng)。
2. After years of statistical decline， drug use by teens is also on the rise.
[譯文]盡管多年來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)呈下降趨勢(shì)，但青少年吸毒問(wèn)題依然嚴(yán)重。
[注解]這句話不長(zhǎng)，關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)詞組“on the rise”意思的理解，在文中，該詞組的意思為依然在上升。
3. Several experts， as well as this…made in the juvenile justice system.
[譯文]一些專家以及這本刊物都在努力試圖尋求法律的支持，深受這些少年重犯之害的人們都異常憤怒并
呼吁政府對(duì)青少年司法制度進(jìn)行更改。
[注解]“felons”原型是“felon”，意思是重罪犯。這里“calling”是呼吁的意思。
4. Because of the rise in juvenile…congress are trying to wrestle with the problem.
[譯文]由于青少年犯罪的增長(zhǎng)加上專家們預(yù)測(cè)這個(gè)問(wèn)題在得到改善之前將日趨嚴(yán)重，很多城市、州，甚至
國(guó)會(huì)都開始試著同這種問(wèn)題做斗爭(zhēng)了。
[注解]在原文中出現(xiàn)的連詞“and”在翻譯時(shí)，不一定譯成“和”字，為了照顧漢語(yǔ)的流暢，這個(gè)“和”可
以譯成“加上”。
5. The suspect was a 16-year-old who even held a job at a near-by restaurant.
[譯文]這個(gè)嫌疑犯十六歲，甚至在附近的餐館還擁有一份工作。
[注解]“suspect”作嫌疑犯講。在這里的定語(yǔ)從句沒(méi)有翻譯成定語(yǔ)而是譯成了動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)。
答案解析
1.[A] 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題只要讀懂文章就不難排除干擾。我們細(xì)看原文可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，第一段里只講了青少年殺人犯罪問(wèn)題，所以，后面幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不符合要求。
2.[B] 理解題。這道題考查對(duì)原文的理解。重點(diǎn)在于區(qū)分“6-year-old”和“the baby”。只要將這兩者區(qū)分清楚就不會(huì)選錯(cuò)。
3.[A] 本題是細(xì)節(jié)題。細(xì)讀文章第五段可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，文中說(shuō)將要被 ENN 報(bào)道的是 A 中提到的佛羅里達(dá)州高中教師被青少年殺害事件。B 項(xiàng)的少年恐怖分子雖在文中有提及，但不是 ENN 要報(bào)道的內(nèi)容，所以排除。
4.[D] 細(xì)節(jié)題。本文較為側(cè)重考查考生捕捉細(xì)節(jié)的能力。在文中第六段段末可以看到， 受害者們最為關(guān)注針對(duì)青少年犯罪司法體系的修改。而選項(xiàng)中提到的 C 項(xiàng)雖然有老師是受害者，但顯然過(guò)于片面，故排除。
5.[A] 主旨題。作者在文中舉了這個(gè)案例目的在于表明舊有的法律已經(jīng)不適用了。對(duì)于現(xiàn)在的一些青少年惡性案件來(lái)說(shuō)，有必要加大懲處力度。所以，作者引用了這個(gè)案例來(lái)說(shuō)明如果不對(duì)青少年犯罪加以扼制，這批問(wèn)題少年成年后還會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成危害。解這道題主要需要把握原文主旨。作者在文中對(duì)青少年犯罪持否定態(tài)度，多處細(xì)節(jié)表明作者本身贊同對(duì)問(wèn)題少年加以限制，所以這里的選擇就可以根據(jù)本文的主要精神加以把握。
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