考研英語閱讀：區(qū)分論點論據(jù)的四項原則

我們知道不管是英語一還是英語二考研閱讀的文章95%以上的都是議論文。而議論文最重要是找到論點。那如何區(qū)分論點和論據(jù)呢，希望大家能跟著老師一起學(xué)習(xí)：

1.若前面有完整句子。后以for example、take sth for example 、such as 、take 、consider、like 等開始的，一直到點號結(jié)束，中間都不用讀，括號括起來，括號內(nèi)容為論據(jù)。前一句話為論據(jù)。此情況出現(xiàn)頻率極高。這一技巧，在閱讀理解和新題型中都是適用的。

"I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we'll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise," says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. "But," he cautions, "some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available."(1994年)

2.若前面有完整句子。后面馬上出現(xiàn)引號引用某人的話，那后面的引用一定為論據(jù)，不用讀。

Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, "With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman."(1996)那這段話中就只用讀第一句。

Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process … The designer and the inventor … are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist."(1996)這段話也只用讀第一句。

3. 抽象觀點或概念后，有具體例子。例子為論據(jù)。這是一種頻率高但是很容易忽略的點。希望大家好好練習(xí)：

But the tide is unlikely to turn back, In Australia - where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part - other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.

在這一小段話中。In Australia與 In the US and Canada并列，同時也是前一句話tide趨勢這一抽象概念的2個具體例子。

4. 某句后有人名，數(shù)字，時間等列舉。列舉點一定是論據(jù)。

The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.

那這段話就只用讀第一句。

Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.

Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much "re-engineering" has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability. BBDO's Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish -- "the worst sort of ambulance cashing."

那這2段話該怎么分析呢?我們可以看到第二段出現(xiàn)了2個人，也就是說整個第二段都是人名的列舉。都是例子都不需要讀。

綜上所述，學(xué)會區(qū)分論點論據(jù)，能讓我們很大程度上簡化文章。希望同學(xué)們在老師的指導(dǎo)下能在基礎(chǔ)階段好好學(xué)習(xí)好好練習(xí)，為暑期和后面的強化階段打下夯實的基礎(chǔ)。

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