考研英語(yǔ)倒裝句詳解：語(yǔ)法倒裝的八類用法

在考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句中倒裝句的身影隨處可見。倒裝分為語(yǔ)法倒裝、修辭倒裝。本文具體講解每類倒裝應(yīng)用實(shí)例，幫你梳理關(guān)于倒裝的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴。

英語(yǔ)句子的語(yǔ)序一般是固定的：主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后，這叫陳述語(yǔ)序。謂語(yǔ)的全部或一部分(助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)放在主語(yǔ)之前的現(xiàn)象稱為倒裝。倒裝有兩種情況：語(yǔ)法倒裝和修辭倒裝。因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)而必須倒裝的，叫語(yǔ)法倒裝;為達(dá)到某種修辭目的而倒裝的，叫修辭倒裝。我們學(xué)習(xí)倒裝的主要目的是增加對(duì)英語(yǔ)句式多樣性的認(rèn)識(shí)，以便在寫作和口語(yǔ)中使用，這也是我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的主要目的。

考研英語(yǔ)倒裝句詳解：語(yǔ)法倒裝的八類用法

1、一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句要倒裝

例如：

Shall I open the door? 要我開門嗎?

Are you cold? 你冷嗎?

Can you read this poem in German? 你能用德語(yǔ)朗誦這首詩(shī)嗎?

Which of the pictures do you like best? 你最喜歡哪張畫?

How are you getting along? 你目前怎么樣?

When will there be lasting peace in the world?

什么時(shí)候世界上才能有持久的和平?

2、There be 句型當(dāng)中。There be 句型表達(dá)的意思是：“某處有….”。這個(gè)句型的主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面，因此這是倒裝語(yǔ)序。

例如：

There are not many people who want to read this book.

想看這本書的人不多。

There once lived a pack of wolves in this cave.

在這個(gè)洞里曾經(jīng)住過(guò)一群狼。

There happened to be a taxi parked at the gate.

碰巧門口停著一輛出租車。

There is going to be a change in our arrangement.

我們的安排將有一個(gè)變化。

3、當(dāng)連詞as 表示“雖然、盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句子要倒裝，as 相當(dāng)于though,可以替換。

如：

Small as/though the atom is, we can smash it.

盡管原子很小，我們可以擊碎它。

Tired as/though he was, he went on working.

(=Although he was very tired, he went on working.)

雖然他很累，他還是接著工作。

Cold as/though it was, we went out. 雖然天氣冷，我們還是出去了。

Child as/though she is, she knows a great deal.

她雖然是個(gè)孩子，但她懂得很多。

Teacher as he is, he knows little about teaching.

盡管他是個(gè)老師，但不懂什么教學(xué)。

Pilots as he claims he is, no one has ever seen him fly a plane.

盡管他聲稱是個(gè)飛行員，但誰(shuí)也沒見過(guò)他非飛機(jī)。

注意后四句是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)作表語(yǔ)并提前，習(xí)慣上不用冠詞。

4、虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件從句中的if 被省略時(shí)，要把從句中的were, had 或should 移到主語(yǔ)之前。(if 的省略、倒裝只限于從句中有were, had 或should這三個(gè)詞時(shí)。)

例如：

If I had been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.

=Had I been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.

如果我在你的位置，我不會(huì)這樣早放棄。

If he were to succeed, the sun would rise from the west.

=Were he to succeed, the sun….

如果他能成功，太陽(yáng)就會(huì)從西邊出來(lái)。

If you should be asked about this, say that you know nothing.

=Should you be asked about this, say……

如果有人問(wèn)起你這件事，你就說(shuō)你什么也不知道。

Were there no air or water, there would be no life on the earth.

如果沒有空氣和水，地球上就不會(huì)有生命。

Had you been more careful, you might have avoided the mistake.

如果你再細(xì)心點(diǎn)，本來(lái)事可以避免這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的。

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