英美文化：美國(guó)的足球、籃球和棒球季

In many parts of the world， there are four seasons： spring， summer， fall and winter. In the U.S.， there are only three： football， basketball and baseball. That's not completely true， but almost. In every season， Americans have a ball. If you want to know what season it is， just look at what people are playing. For many Americans， sports do not just occupy the sidelines. They take center court.

世界上的許多地方，一年有四季：春、夏、秋、冬。美國(guó)，卻只有三季：足球、籃球和棒球季。這并非完全正確，但也差得不遠(yuǎn)了。每一個(gè)季節(jié)，美國(guó)人都有樂(lè)趣。若你想知道此季為何，看看人們正在打什么球就行了。對(duì)于多數(shù)美國(guó)人而言，運(yùn)動(dòng)并非只是一旁站的小消遣，它是生活中很重要的一環(huán)。

Besides "the big three" sports， Americans play a variety of other sports. In warm weather， people enjoy water sports. Lovers of surfing， sailing and scuba diving flock to the ocean. Swimmers and water skiers also revel in the wet stuff. Fishermen try their luck in ponds， lakes and rivers. In winter sportsmen delight in freezing fun. From the first snowfall， skiers hit the slopes. Frozen ponds and ice rinks become playgrounds for skating and hockey. People play indoor sports whatever the weather. Racquetball， weightlifting and bowling are year-round activities.

除了這「三大運(yùn)動(dòng)」，美國(guó)人還做許多其它的運(yùn)動(dòng)。天熱時(shí)，他們喜歡水上運(yùn)動(dòng)。沖浪、駕帆船和潛水的愛(ài)好者群集于海中。游泳和滑水者，也縱情于水中。漁夫在池塘、湖泊和河川里試他們的運(yùn)氣。冬季，運(yùn)動(dòng)員在冰天雪地里也玩得很開(kāi)心。從下雪的頭一天起，滑雪者便登上雪坡。結(jié)了冰的池塘和溜冰場(chǎng)成了溜冰和冰上曲棍球的場(chǎng)地。不論氣候如何，人們都從事戶內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)?；亓η颉⑴e重和保齡球都是全年性的活動(dòng)。

For many people in the U.S.， sports are not just for fun. They're almost a religion. Thousands of sports fans buy expensive tickets to watch their favorite teams and athletes play in person. Other fans watch the games at home， glued to their TV sets. The most devoted sports buffs never miss a game. Many a wife becomes a "sports widow" during her husband's favorite season. America's devotion to athletics has created a new class of wealthy people： professional athletes. Sports stars often receive million-dollar salaries. Some even make big money appearing in advertisements for soft drinks， shoes and even toiletries.

對(duì)許多的美國(guó)人而言，運(yùn)動(dòng)不只是為了好玩。它幾乎成了一種宗教崇拜，數(shù)以千計(jì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)迷會(huì)為了能親眼目睹他們喜愛(ài)的球隊(duì)或運(yùn)動(dòng)員比賽而出高價(jià)購(gòu)買(mǎi)門(mén)票。其它的球迷則守在家里寸步不離地收看電視轉(zhuǎn)播。那些最熱衷的運(yùn)動(dòng)迷，從不錯(cuò)過(guò)任何一場(chǎng)比賽。而當(dāng)先生們最熱衷的運(yùn)動(dòng)季節(jié)到了的時(shí)候，他們的太太們都變成了「運(yùn)動(dòng)寡婦」。美國(guó)人對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)的投入形成了一個(gè)新的富有階級(jí)：職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員。運(yùn)動(dòng)明星通常會(huì)收到上百萬(wàn)元的薪水。其中有些人甚至是因?yàn)樘骘嬃?、鞋，甚至個(gè)人化妝用品拍廣告而賺了一大筆錢(qián)。

Not all Americans worship sports， but athletics are an important part of their culture. Throughout their school life， Americans learn to play many sports. All students take physical education classes in school. Some try out for the school teams， while others join intramural sports leagues. Athletic events at universities attract scores of fans and benefit the whole community. Many people also enjoy non-competitive activities like hiking， biking， horseback riding， camping or hunting. To communicate with American sports nuts， it helps if you can talk sports.

并非所有的美國(guó)人都崇拜運(yùn)動(dòng)，但運(yùn)動(dòng)的確是他們文化當(dāng)中極為重要的一部份。在他們的學(xué)校生活當(dāng)中，美國(guó)人學(xué)習(xí)許多運(yùn)動(dòng)。所有的學(xué)生都必須在學(xué)校修體育課。有些人參加校隊(duì)的選拔;有的則加入校內(nèi)的運(yùn)動(dòng)聯(lián)盟。在大學(xué)中舉辦的運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽通常吸引眾多的運(yùn)動(dòng)迷，并且造福整個(gè)社區(qū)。許多人也喜歡從事一些非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的活動(dòng)像健行、騎單車(chē)、騎馬、露營(yíng)或打獵。要和美國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)迷溝通，最好是能暢談運(yùn)動(dòng)。

Sports in America represent the international heritage of the people who play. Many sports were imported from other countries. European immigrants brought tennis， golf， bowling and boxing to America. Football and baseball came from other Old World games. Only basketball has a truly American origin. Even today some formerly "foreign" sports like soccer are gaining American fans. In 1994 the U.S. hosted the World Cup for the first time ever.

美國(guó)的運(yùn)動(dòng)代表著從事這些運(yùn)動(dòng)的人的國(guó)際遺產(chǎn)。許多的運(yùn)動(dòng)是從外國(guó)引進(jìn)來(lái)的。歐洲移民把網(wǎng)球、高爾夫、保齡球和拳擊帶進(jìn)了美國(guó)。足球和棒球則源自其它的歐洲傳統(tǒng)比賽。只有籃球是唯一真正源自美國(guó)本土，即使在今日，一些原本是外來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)例如英式足球也吸引了許多的美國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)迷。在一九九四年，美國(guó)首次負(fù)責(zé)舉辦世界杯足球賽。

Not only do Americans import sports， but they export sports fever， as well. Satellites broadcast games to sports fans around the globe. The World Series， the U.S. professional baseball championship， has begun to live up to its name. The names of American superstars like basketball great Michael Jordan have become household words the world over. Who knows? Sports seasons may even change world weather patterns.

美國(guó)人不只是「進(jìn)口」運(yùn)動(dòng)，他們同樣地也「出口」運(yùn)動(dòng)狂熱。他們對(duì)全球的運(yùn)動(dòng)迷作衛(wèi)星轉(zhuǎn)播。世界系列的美國(guó)職業(yè)棒球錦標(biāo)賽，也已漸趨名符其實(shí)。一些美國(guó)的超級(jí)明星，像是籃球巨人麥可喬登已經(jīng)成了全世界家喻戶曉的人了。誰(shuí)知道呢?運(yùn)動(dòng)季節(jié)甚至可能會(huì)改變?nèi)澜绲臍庀笮蛻B(tài)呢。