高考英語作文指導(dǎo)之圖表說明文

 

　　一、圖表說明文的常見類型
　　1.以表格形式,將統(tǒng)計的數(shù)據(jù)或被說明的事物直接用表格形式體現(xiàn)出來
　　2.表示數(shù)據(jù)的大小或數(shù)量之間的差異的柱狀圖
　　3.表示數(shù)據(jù)變化的曲線圖
　　4.表示總體內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)變化的扇形圖
　　二、圖表作文的一般結(jié)構(gòu)：建議用三段式作文
　　三、圖表類說明文的寫作結(jié)構(gòu)：
　　第一段：開門見山地點明本圖表所反映的主題, 即conclusion.
　　第二段：分析數(shù)據(jù)間的主要差異及趨勢，然后描寫（在描寫數(shù)據(jù)間變化及總趨勢特征時，可采用分類式或?qū)Ρ仁揭灾С种黝}，并闡明必要的理由）。注意層次。
　　第三段：歸納總結(jié)或發(fā)表評論
　　四、寫作步驟：
　　1．審題（四確定）
　　1）確定類型
　　2）確定體裁
　　3）確定主體時態(tài)
　　4）確定主體人稱
　　2.列要點
　　3.依要點, 擬草綱, 組織成句.
　　4.構(gòu)篇章,擴句成文.
　　5.檢查潤色
　　6.書寫
　　五、圖標說明文常用詞句。
　　1.常用詞匯：
　　table(表格, 項目表), chart(圖表), graph(圖表, 曲線圖)，figure（數(shù)據(jù)）,rate (比列，比率)，make a survey about…(做關(guān)于…的調(diào)查) , describe， tell, show, represent, Obviously/Apparently（很明顯地），rise，increase（增多，增加），climb，go up， fall，decline（下降），decrease（減少，減低），drop，go down, ….
　　2.常用句型：
　　1).The rate of … is
　　2).There was a great /slight increase /rise in…
　　3).The main reason is that ….
　　4).The rate dropped slightly from 38%in… to 31% in…
　　5). By comparison with…, it decreased/increased/fell from…to…
　　6). From Chart 1, / According to Chart 2, /As is shown on Chart 1,
　　7）Besides/ What’s more/What’s worse.
　　8）In a word/In short/ Generally speaking /In summary/ As far as I am concerned.
　　3.單句訓(xùn)練：
　　1.由表1，我們可以看出……
　　2.最近的一項關(guān)于人們怎樣度假的調(diào)查表明。
　　3.總之，通過對1996年和2005年所有比率的對比，我們可以看出，現(xiàn)在人們越來越關(guān)注享受生活。
　　4.1996年，12%的人選擇到國外度假，但是到了2005年，這個比率翻了一翻。
　　5.選擇上大學(xué)的學(xué)生比率由2002年的56.5%上升到2005年的81.2%。
　　6.這些變化有兩方面的原因。
　　六、優(yōu)秀范文背誦
　　1.下圖是你們學(xué)校高中生每天各項活動的情況。請你根據(jù)此圖用英語寫一篇短文，介紹你校每天的生活。詞數(shù)不少于120左右。
　　As is shown on Chart，we can know something about our school life .
　　We usually spend around eight hours on our studies every day. We have to more than eight periods of lessons per day. What’s more, much homework will have to be done daily by students. At the same time, the time for sports is less than one hour, which is just one class period. For the three meals， most of us have only about one hour. And we have 7 hours for sleep, which is obviously not adequate for（足夠，適合） young students. We have very little leisure（空閑的）time--- about one hour each day. For other activities like reading newspapers, taking a walk, doing washing or going shopping, we have just one and a half hours in all.
　　The truth is that we are busy all day long.  We really hope we can have more free time of our own.
　　2.下面的圖表反映的是你校2002年與2005年學(xué)生健康狀況的部分數(shù)據(jù)。請你用英語寫一份報告，反映你校三年學(xué)生健康狀況的變化情況，并提出兩條相應(yīng)的改進措施。
　　A recent survey shows that the health of the students in our school has been going from bad to worse in the past three years.
　　The number of nearsighted students has increased from 78.2% in 2002 to 92.5% in 2005, which that of overweight students from 36% to 52.2%. Nearly 10% of students lack sleep because of more homework to do. Besides, over 15% of students become mentally (精神上,智力上)unhealthy.
　　To improve students’ health, we call for less homework. Only in this way can students get plenty of sleep and meanwhile(同時; 其間) prevent them from being nearsighted. Proper(適當?shù)? diets and exercise should also be paid attention to so that they won’t easily put on weight. With their heavy burdens（負擔(dān)，重負）removed, students can then keep in normal mental health.
　　3.假如你是李華。你將代表學(xué)校參加國際高中生論壇，就你城市的教育狀況發(fā)表演講。請根據(jù)以下兩幅圖表，介紹你市高中生的構(gòu)成情況及畢業(yè)去向的選擇，并針對兩幅圖表中的任何一個數(shù)據(jù)所反映的情況發(fā)表你自己的看法。
　　Ladies and gentlemen,
　　I’m Li Hua. Today, I’m greatly honoured to speak here on behalf of my school. I’m going to talk about the high school education of my city.
　　From chart1, we can see high school students are from different family backgrounds. Besides local students, who make up 91percent, eight percent of the students are the children of non-local workers. There are even 1 percent foreign students.
　　According to chart 2, the students’ choices after graduation have presented a wider variety. Sixty percent of them intend to go to universities. Thirty percent choose to enter vocational schools, and the rest ten percent plan to go to abroad for further studies.
　　I think, with the economic development of our city, more foreigners are attracted to set up business here and they are happy to send their children to local school to learn more about China and Chinese culture.
　　I believe the future of the education in our city is promising(有希望的, 有前途的). That’s all. Thank all.