2017年高考英語(yǔ)備考：if虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法解析

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法 1、真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句與非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句 eg . If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. ( 真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ))(不是虛擬語(yǔ)氣) If he was free, he would ask me to tell stories. (真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ))(不是虛擬語(yǔ)氣) If I were you, I would go at once. (非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句) If there were no air, people would die. (非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句) 總結(jié)就是 四個(gè)字:主將從現(xiàn),主句用將來時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí). 2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法及動(dòng)詞形式 ① 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況

　　(條件)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過去式 (be用were) should/would/could/might 動(dòng)詞原形(過去將來時(shí)) eg. If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我會(huì)帶把傘.(事實(shí):我不可能是你) If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的電話號(hào)碼,我就會(huì)告訴你.(事實(shí):不知道) If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果沒有水和空氣,地球上就不會(huì)有生物.(事實(shí):地球上既有空氣也有水) If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我?guī)уX了,我就會(huì)借給你些.(事實(shí):沒帶錢) If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些,就能通過考試了.(事實(shí):學(xué)習(xí)不用功) ②表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況

　　從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式 had 過去分詞(過去完成時(shí)) should/would/could/might have 過去分詞(現(xiàn)在完成將來時(shí))(過去將來完成時(shí))

　　eg. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒,我就會(huì)見到她.(事實(shí):去晚了) If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他聽我的勸告的話,就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了.(事實(shí):沒有聽我的話) ③表示對(duì)將來情況的主觀推測(cè)(可能相反或可能性很小)

　　從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式 If 主語(yǔ) ① should 動(dòng)詞 ② did ③were to do

　　(①通常與一個(gè)表示時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用)其 中were to do可能性最小,

　　should/would/ could/might 動(dòng)詞原形

　　eg.If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天來這兒的話,我就跟他談?wù)?(事實(shí):來的可能性很小) If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我們就不能去滑冰了.(事實(shí):不知能否下雪) If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一來這兒的話,我就會(huì)告訴她這件事得始末. 在表示建議、命令、要求等含義的賓語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,"should 動(dòng)詞原形"構(gòu)成,should 可省略. [編輯本段]虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法

　?、?、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在wish 后的賓語(yǔ)從句 a、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式 eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那樣的頭腦.(事實(shí):我根本比不上你) b、表示過去事實(shí)相反的愿望,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:had v-ed eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原來知道這件事的真相.(事實(shí):原來不知道) c、表示將來難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:should/would 動(dòng)詞原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我還能有一次這樣的機(jī)會(huì).(事實(shí):很難再有這樣的機(jī)會(huì)了) ②虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在一堅(jiān)持(insist) 二命令(order. command) 三建議(advise. suggest. propose) 四要求(demand. require. request. desire)中,無論主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為何種時(shí)態(tài),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用:“should 動(dòng)詞原形”或只用“動(dòng)詞原形”. 如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He insisted that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He ordered that we (should) take the teacher’s advice 注:insist如果翻譯成堅(jiān)持做才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣翻譯成堅(jiān)持說就不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣. 如:He insist he is a student. 他堅(jiān)持說他是個(gè)學(xué)生. 這個(gè)語(yǔ)句表示的是事實(shí),因此在這個(gè)語(yǔ)句中不能使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣. suggest意為“建議”才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,意為“暗示”則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣. 如: His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含著他很擔(dān)心. 這個(gè)句子本身是事實(shí),因此它就沒有用到虛擬語(yǔ)氣. ③表情緒.觀點(diǎn)的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surpring. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等. 句型:It is.that 結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都要用 should 原型 或只用動(dòng)詞原型. ④虛擬語(yǔ)氣在方式狀語(yǔ)從句的應(yīng)用.

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