閱讀判斷-綜合類（02.15）_職稱英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)校

閱讀判斷

1、Winners and Losers Why are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia,whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc（集團(tuán)） and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide：East Asia has a long trading tradition,lately reinvigorated（給以新的活力） by the Chinese adoption of market economics.The Soviet Union,on the other hand,was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years.In Africa,some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure（基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)）; many countries have little to trade but commodities,the prices of which have fallen in recent years.In some regions,certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies,often under pressure from International Monetary Fund.First among these is Russia.which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work,such as an independent bank system,a system of business law, and all adequate method for collecting taxes.Encouraged by the IMF the World Bank and the U.S.Department of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsin‘s regime privatized the state.owned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs（寡頭政治集團(tuán)成員）, who, knowing how unstable conditions were at home.sent their money abroad instead of investing it at home.In contrast,China,the biggest winner from globalization,did not follow the IMF formula.Of the former states of the Soviet bloc,only a few,notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans.including spending more than they collected in taxes.Botswana and Uganda are also Success stories：despite their disadvantages,their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies,liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.

1、Japan has a long trading tradition.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not Mentioned

2、Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not Mentioned

3、All African countries followed the IMF formula.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not Mentioned

4、The Soviet Union was a capitalist country.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not Mentioned

5、Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalization.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not Mentioned

6、China did not take IMF advice.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not Mentioned

7、Many high officials in Russia have much benefited from privatization.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not Mentioned

答案：

1、【正確答案】 A【答案解析】 這道題的依據(jù)是第一段中的一句話：East Asia has a long trading tradition. 日本是東亞國(guó)家，因而具有悠久的貿(mào)易歷史。

2、【正確答案】 A【答案解析】 本題的依據(jù)可以在第二段的開(kāi)頭找到，文章說(shuō)有些國(guó)家常常是在有壓力的情況下采取了國(guó)際貨幣基金組織（IMF）誤導(dǎo)的政策，俄羅斯就是這些國(guó)家中的一個(gè)。

3、【正確答案】 B【答案解析】 在文章的最后一段提到了一些因?yàn)闆](méi)有按照IMF的模式去發(fā)展而獲得成功的例子，其中提到兩個(gè)非洲國(guó)家Botswana和Uganda，因而說(shuō)所有非洲國(guó)家都采納IMF模式的說(shuō)法是不對(duì)的。

4、【正確答案】 B【答案解析】 第一段里有句話：The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 year．70多年不搞市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的國(guó)家自然不會(huì)是資本主義國(guó)家。

5、【正確答案】 C【答案解析】 文中沒(méi)有提到澳大利亞。

6、【正確答案】 A【答案解析】 本題的依據(jù)是文章最后一段的第一句話： ...China, the biggest, winner from globalization, did not follow the IMF formula. 即中國(guó)沒(méi)有按照IMF的建議去做。

7、【正確答案】 C【答案解析】 在第二段的末尾講到前蘇聯(lián)搞私有化的事，但沒(méi)有說(shuō)有高官在私有化過(guò)程中受益。

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