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發(fā)布時間: 2016年03月04日

2016年職稱英語單詞記憶技巧

詞匯選擇是職稱英語中第一個考試項目,它考查大家在一定語境下對單詞或短語的理解。從表面上,這是詞匯的考題,實際上這是一種最簡單的閱讀理解題。這里要給大家澄清一個概念,任何一種語言的語義最小單位是句子,而不是詞。但是詞匯或短語的理解對于句子的理解起著重要的作用。

詞匯不足的人在英文聽、說、讀、寫各方面的能力都會受到嚴重限制。一般大多數(shù)人認為背單詞既吃力,又成效不大。實際上,若能采用適當?shù)姆椒?,不僅可以縮短擴大詞匯量所需的時間,并且能提高記憶單詞的質(zhì)量。下面向大家推薦六種單詞記憶法,僅供參考。

一、結(jié)合記憶法

將比較生疏,不常用的單詞放入一定的語言環(huán)境——句子中,結(jié)合句意來記憶單詞。遇到此單詞時,若詞義忘記,則可通過回憶所在句子的意思來記憶單詞。例如:

slope

n.① 傾斜;坡度;斜度

There is always a certain slope in a ship's deck.船的甲板總有幾分傾斜。

② 斜面;斜坡

We climbed the steep slope of the hill.我們爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。

vi.傾斜

The railroad slopes up slightly at this point.鐵路在此處有輕微的傾斜。

critical

adj.① 批評(性)的,吹毛求疵的

I don't like people who are too critical about everything.我不喜歡對每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。

② 緊要的,關鍵的;危急的

His condition is reported as being very critical.據(jù)報告他的情況非常危急。

通過此法來掌握詞匯,既有助于記住單詞本身的拼寫、拼讀,又可同時熟悉詞的詞義、詞性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背記單詞效果要好。

二、同類記憶法

將同類詞匯收集在一起,同時背記,效果會比較好。

注意,同類詞匯與同義詞不同:同義詞是指意思相同,而同類詞是指基本屬性相同、具體意義的層次,級別或范圍不同的一類詞匯。例如:headmaster和principal是同義詞,都表示,“中小學校長”;“president”和“chancellor”是同義詞,都表示大專院?!靶iL”。這兩組詞是同類詞匯,都表示“校長"”,但具體級別不同,所以兩組詞不是同義詞。

再如,bachelor(學士)、master(碩士),doctor(博士)三個詞都表示學位授予的情況,但具體級別不同,所以這三個詞也是一組同類詞匯。

這樣,將同類詞匯放在一起記憶,當遇到其中一個詞時,頭腦中出現(xiàn)的就是一組詞,效率大大提高了。

三、比較記憶法

把同義詞或形似詞放在一起,加以區(qū)別。記憶的過程是一組組,一對對單詞同時記憶。職稱英語中有很大一部分都是對同義詞或近義詞的考察,需要平時進行記憶和積累。

例題1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.(2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)

A.started

B.finished

C.changed

D.made

答案:B

例題2:Michael is now merely a good friend.(2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)

A.largely

B.possibly

C.just

D.rarely

答案:C

四、構(gòu)詞法記憶法

通過掌握構(gòu)詞法來記憶單詞。英語主要有三種構(gòu)詞法:

1)轉(zhuǎn)化,即由一個詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個詞類。例如:

picture(n)畫——picture(v)描繪

water(n)水——water(v)澆水

例題1:He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct.

A.behavior

B.style

C.mode

D.attitude

答案:A

解釋:

cnduct(v.)引導,管理,為人,傳導

cnduct (n.)操守,行為

cnductor(n.)列車員,售票員,指揮者,導體等

例題2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.

A.suffer

B.accept

C.receive

D.endure

答案:D

解釋:

bear(n.)熊

bear(v.)負擔,忍受,帶給,具有,擠

2)派生,即通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個詞,例如:

happy → unhappy(加前綴)happiness(加后綴)

例題1:The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.

A.promote

B.paint

C.polish

D.produce

答案:D

例題2:Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed.

A.mental

B.physical

C.natural

D.hard

答案:B

man-、manu-=hand

manage(管理)、manual(體力的,手冊)、manuscript(手寫稿)、manufacture(生產(chǎn))、manumit(釋放);

例題3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer.(2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)

A.every year

B.severely

C.actively

D.every month

答案:A

ann=year

anniversaire(French)、anniversary、annals(編年史)、annuity(年金)

3)合成,即由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。例如:

wood(木)cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)

pea(豌豆)nuts(堅果)→ peanut(花生)

例題1:In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.

A.judgement

B.result

C.decision

D.event

答案:B

五、根義記憶法

利用根義代替記憶多義,可以解決“沒有生詞”卻老讀不懂的問題。

比如要問immediate(ly)是否已記住,回答當然是肯定的。那么就請看下面三個“沒有生詞”的片段:

a)The woman walks immediately behind the car.

b)She is my immediate neighbor.

c)the immediate cause

若沒有讀懂,那么就請看immediate(ly)根義:中間沒有間隔(地)

1)(時間)立刻;

2)(空間)緊挨,通接,緊跟,

3)(關系)直接

例題1:He will leave immediately.

A.far away

B.right away

C.right here

D.soon

答案:B

例題2:Can you follow the plot?

A.change

B.investigate

C.understand

D.write

答案:C

請看下面幾句中的“follow”分別都是什么意思?

She went into the building, followed by a group of students.

The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.

I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.

六、容易混淆詞的特別記憶

(1)有些字可當形容詞又可當副詞,例如:early;past;half;long;straight;fast;hard;quick;deep;slow; pretty;awful;wrong;right;high;late;hourly;early;weekly;etc.

We had an early breakfast.(形容詞)

We went by a fast train.(形容詞)

We had breakfast early.(副詞)

Don't speak so fast.(副詞)

(2)有些形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~,可在字尾加ly,也可以不加,不過在字義上不同。

(A)easy “安適地”;easily “容易地”:

Stand easy!

He's not easily satisfied.

(B)clear (=completely “完全地“;clearly“顯然地”)

The bullet went clear through the door.

The thieves got clearly away.

(C)high “高”;highly “很、非”;

The birds are flying high.

He was highly praised for his work.

(D)slow和slowly當副詞時同義,但slow比slowly語氣強。

I told the driver to go slow(er).

Drive slowly round these bends in the road.

(E)hard“辛苦地“;hardly“幾乎不”

He works hard.(=He is a hard worker.)

He hardly does anything nowadays.(=He does very little nowadays.)

(F)just“剛才;僅”;justly“公正地”

I've just seen him.

He was justly punished.

(G)late“遲”;lately(=recently)“最近地”

He went to bed late.

I haven't seen Mr.Green lately.

(H)pretty(=fairly, moderately)“十分,頗”;

prettily(=in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”

The situation seems pretty hopeless.

She was prettily dressed.


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