發(fā)布時間: 2016年03月04日
詞匯不足的人在英文聽、說、讀、寫各方面的能力都會受到嚴重限制。一般大多數(shù)人認為背單詞既吃力,又成效不大。實際上,若能采用適當?shù)姆椒?,不僅可以縮短擴大詞匯量所需的時間,并且能提高記憶單詞的質(zhì)量。下面向大家推薦六種單詞記憶法,僅供參考。
一、結(jié)合記憶法
將比較生疏,不常用的單詞放入一定的語言環(huán)境——句子中,結(jié)合句意來記憶單詞。遇到此單詞時,若詞義忘記,則可通過回憶所在句子的意思來記憶單詞。例如:
slope
n.① 傾斜;坡度;斜度
There is always a certain slope in a ship's deck.船的甲板總有幾分傾斜。
② 斜面;斜坡
We climbed the steep slope of the hill.我們爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。
vi.傾斜
The railroad slopes up slightly at this point.鐵路在此處有輕微的傾斜。
critical
adj.① 批評(性)的,吹毛求疵的
I don't like people who are too critical about everything.我不喜歡對每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。
② 緊要的,關鍵的;危急的
His condition is reported as being very critical.據(jù)報告他的情況非常危急。
通過此法來掌握詞匯,既有助于記住單詞本身的拼寫、拼讀,又可同時熟悉詞的詞義、詞性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背記單詞效果要好。
二、同類記憶法
將同類詞匯收集在一起,同時背記,效果會比較好。
注意,同類詞匯與同義詞不同:同義詞是指意思相同,而同類詞是指基本屬性相同、具體意義的層次,級別或范圍不同的一類詞匯。例如:headmaster和principal是同義詞,都表示,“中小學校長”;“president”和“chancellor”是同義詞,都表示大專院?!靶iL”。這兩組詞是同類詞匯,都表示“校長"”,但具體級別不同,所以兩組詞不是同義詞。
再如,bachelor(學士)、master(碩士),doctor(博士)三個詞都表示學位授予的情況,但具體級別不同,所以這三個詞也是一組同類詞匯。
這樣,將同類詞匯放在一起記憶,當遇到其中一個詞時,頭腦中出現(xiàn)的就是一組詞,效率大大提高了。
三、比較記憶法
把同義詞或形似詞放在一起,加以區(qū)別。記憶的過程是一組組,一對對單詞同時記憶。職稱英語中有很大一部分都是對同義詞或近義詞的考察,需要平時進行記憶和積累。
例題1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.(2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
A.started
B.finished
C.changed
D.made
答案:B
例題2:Michael is now merely a good friend.(2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
A.largely
B.possibly
C.just
D.rarely
答案:C
四、構(gòu)詞法記憶法
通過掌握構(gòu)詞法來記憶單詞。英語主要有三種構(gòu)詞法:
1)轉(zhuǎn)化,即由一個詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個詞類。例如:
picture(n)畫——picture(v)描繪
water(n)水——water(v)澆水
例題1:He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct.
A.behavior
B.style
C.mode
D.attitude
答案:A
解釋:
cnduct(v.)引導,管理,為人,傳導
cnduct (n.)操守,行為
cnductor(n.)列車員,售票員,指揮者,導體等
例題2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.
A.suffer
B.accept
C.receive
D.endure
答案:D
解釋:
bear(n.)熊
bear(v.)負擔,忍受,帶給,具有,擠
2)派生,即通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個詞,例如:
happy → unhappy(加前綴)happiness(加后綴)
例題1:The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.
A.promote
B.paint
C.polish
D.produce
答案:D
例題2:Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed.
A.mental
B.physical
C.natural
D.hard
答案:B
man-、manu-=hand
manage(管理)、manual(體力的,手冊)、manuscript(手寫稿)、manufacture(生產(chǎn))、manumit(釋放);
例題3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer.(2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)
A.every year
B.severely
C.actively
D.every month
答案:A
ann=year
anniversaire(French)、anniversary、annals(編年史)、annuity(年金)
3)合成,即由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。例如:
wood(木)cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)
pea(豌豆)nuts(堅果)→ peanut(花生)
例題1:In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.
A.judgement
B.result
C.decision
D.event
答案:B
五、根義記憶法
利用根義代替記憶多義,可以解決“沒有生詞”卻老讀不懂的問題。
比如要問immediate(ly)是否已記住,回答當然是肯定的。那么就請看下面三個“沒有生詞”的片段:
a)The woman walks immediately behind the car.
b)She is my immediate neighbor.
c)the immediate cause
若沒有讀懂,那么就請看immediate(ly)根義:中間沒有間隔(地)
1)(時間)立刻;
2)(空間)緊挨,通接,緊跟,
3)(關系)直接
例題1:He will leave immediately.
A.far away
B.right away
C.right here
D.soon
答案:B
例題2:Can you follow the plot?
A.change
B.investigate
C.understand
D.write
答案:C
請看下面幾句中的“follow”分別都是什么意思?
She went into the building, followed by a group of students.
The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.
I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.
六、容易混淆詞的特別記憶
(1)有些字可當形容詞又可當副詞,例如:early;past;half;long;straight;fast;hard;quick;deep;slow; pretty;awful;wrong;right;high;late;hourly;early;weekly;etc.
We had an early breakfast.(形容詞)
We went by a fast train.(形容詞)
We had breakfast early.(副詞)
Don't speak so fast.(副詞)
(2)有些形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~,可在字尾加ly,也可以不加,不過在字義上不同。
(A)easy “安適地”;easily “容易地”:
Stand easy!
He's not easily satisfied.
(B)clear (=completely “完全地“;clearly“顯然地”)
The bullet went clear through the door.
The thieves got clearly away.
(C)high “高”;highly “很、非”;
The birds are flying high.
He was highly praised for his work.
(D)slow和slowly當副詞時同義,但slow比slowly語氣強。
I told the driver to go slow(er).
Drive slowly round these bends in the road.
(E)hard“辛苦地“;hardly“幾乎不”
He works hard.(=He is a hard worker.)
He hardly does anything nowadays.(=He does very little nowadays.)
(F)just“剛才;僅”;justly“公正地”
I've just seen him.
He was justly punished.
(G)late“遲”;lately(=recently)“最近地”
He went to bed late.
I haven't seen Mr.Green lately.
(H)pretty(=fairly, moderately)“十分,頗”;
prettily(=in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”
The situation seems pretty hopeless.
She was prettily dressed.
上一篇: 2015職稱英語完形填空做題攻略
下一篇: 職稱英語考試字典的使用技巧